82 THE COLLECTION OF OSTEOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM MACHU PICCHU. 



at some period during the occupation of the City of Machu Picchu, only persons of high 

 rank, either by birth or through connection with the service of the Temple and the Acclahuasi, 

 were accorded the privilege of interment on the Machu Picchu Mountain, and the individual 

 whose remains were found in this cave, not being one of the elect, may have been forbidden 

 burial in holy ground. 



Cave 105. 



This cave was on the west side of Huayna Picchu, its location being recorded in the same 

 words as that of Cave 94. The Indian collectors brought in no skeletal material whatever, 

 the booty consisting of nothing more than a sherd from the base of an olla, a seed, and two 

 pairs of bronze tweezers (M. P. 699, 670). I have searched in vain for any indication that 

 this cave was the same as Cave 94. 



Cave 106. 



From this cave, "on the east side of Huayna Picchu," the following specimens were 

 collected : "A few sherds of no account, three or four rotten pieces of bones, and a curious 

 rounded piece of bronze with two small horn-like projections at one end." The bronze piece 

 has been figured in the National Geographic Magazine for February 1915, as a "small bronze 

 bell." 



Cave 107. 



This burial cave, the last one excavated at Machu Picchu, was situated "at the foot of 

 the hill east of the city." By this, I understand that it was near the foot of Mr. Heald's 

 trail and on the Machu Picchu side of the river, not on the far side of the stream as was 

 Cave 104. The foot of the mountain offers many of the same natural facilities for cave- 

 burial as the higher slopes, and the subjects of the Incas or their predecessors were familiar 

 with the locality, having at some distant period constructed andenes along the riverside at 

 this point. In fact the southwestern bank is here protected from the torrent by an immense 

 andean retaining wall, massively constructed of roughly shaped granite blocks. 



Remains of three individuals were collected. One of them was a young man of highland 

 ancestry (Ost. Coll. 3247) about twenty-one years of age, and perhaps not quite fully 

 developed. His youth may therefore partly account for the somewhat effeminate appearance 

 of the skull, which although of fair size, as shown by the measured cranial capacity of 

 1428 ccm. is still notably lacking in the development of those characters usually indicating the 

 male sex. Although the pelvic bones were not recovered, the size and proportions of the 

 humeri and femora, and especially of their proximal articular condyles, are such as to support 

 the sexual identification. 



The second individual (Ost. Coll. 3248) was about seventeen years of age, and is repre- 

 sented by various skeletal parts, including a small, light, and essentially female skull (Plate 

 XXVIII) which exhibits an extreme degree of Aymara deformation. A fragment of the 

 pelvis, that fortunately had been saved, affords further evidence of the female sex. The 

 skull of this Indian girl furnishes an excellent example of the type of deformation practised 

 by the ancient inhabitants of the eastern cordillera and of the Bolivian Plateau. It diflfers 

 fundamentally from the "fronto-occipital flattening" of the coastal region, and seems to 

 have been produced by tightly bandaging the heads of infants across the forehead, over the 

 ears and under the occiput, the bandage being perhaps held in position by a sort of throat- 



