GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



199 



German tertiary coals. 



Variety. 



Fibrous, (faserige) 



Earthy, (erdige) 



Ijaminated, (muschlige) 



Carbon. 



Hj-drogen. 



Combined 

 water. 



Hj-groscopic 

 water. 



The ash is neglected in tlie foreign analyses, bnt is stated to average f|:om 5 to 10 

 per cent. When first mined, the German brown coals contain frequently nearly 50 

 per cent, of hygroscopic water, which by drying is reduced to 20 or 2.5 per cent. 



The absolute heat effects of the German coals are given as follows : 



The data obtained by Professor Brush by the reduction of oxide of lead, when 

 placed in o, decimal form, pure carbon being unity, are : 



Vermejo Canon 67 



Placer anthracite '. 91 



Denver, (Murphy's) 60 



The following are analyses of water from springs, &c., by Mr. P. Frazer, 

 cliemist and mineralogist to the United States geological survey of 

 Colorado and New Mexico: 



While in Rawling's Springs I was employed by the Union Pacific Railroad Company 

 to examine the waters from various sjuings, which incrusted the boilers of locomotives 

 and stationary engines of the company, as well as of coals from the principal coal-beds 

 on the line of the road. The result of these analyses I append : 



Scale from the boilerofan cngincin the machine sho}) at Bawling^ s Springs. — This scale was 

 of a dark color due to impurities in suspension in the water. It consisted of the 

 chlorides of potassium and sodiimi, the sulphates of lime and magnesia and the silicate 

 of alumina. The major part of the soluble matter was composed of salt and gypsum. 

 Some Avater from a salt pond in the Black Hills, some distance from Sherman, was 

 analyzed and found to contain chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, the carbon- 

 ate of soda, and some alumina. 



Boiler scale from locomotive running hctween Raivling's Sjyrlngs and Brgan. — This scale was 

 of a gray color, but proved to be of the same chemical constitution as that previously 

 given, viz, chlorides of potassium and so<lium, sulphates of lime and magnesia, and the 

 silicate of alumina. 



