BRYOZOA FROM ZANZIBAR. 475 



placed in a new genus Flahellaris *, and I then showed tha,t 

 Craspedozoum MacGillivray must be united with one of the types 

 of Metii})ea Lamx., namely M.flahellum Ell. & Sol., but it seems 

 better to keep the name Menipea for the first species mentioned 

 by Lnmouroux, namely M. cirrata Lamx. However, this group 

 of flahellaris does not seem to belong to the Scriipocellaridie 

 at all, but to the Membraniporidje, having a, Membraniporidian 

 ovicell much like that of M. lineata L., M. craticula Alder, 

 JI. unicornis Flem. The species included are F.flahellata Ell. & 

 Sol., F. {M.) cuspidata'Bniil^ (PI. LXIX. fig. 9), F. triseriata MucG. 

 (specimens in my collection have ovicells), F. (^'^ Craspedozoitm") 

 roborata Hincks, F. (C.) ligidaium MacG., F. inuUiseriata Busk. 

 F. roborata and F. ligulatum when broken through have at the 

 articulation interior tubes like the radicles. 



The ovaria oi Flabellaris roborata are distal with many ovarian 

 cells, and one or more grow to a considerable size. Jullienf 

 considered that Menipea must be merged in Scrupocellaria in 

 consequence of having found one vibi'aculum on Menipea clausa 

 Ju\\.=/ScrtipoceUaria marsupiata Busk, and this conclusion he 

 considered was upheld by the fact that some colonies of /S. sc'ahra 

 Van Ben. have no vibracula, while others have a few or some- 

 times many. This seemed quite reasonable, and since then the 

 idea has received further support, as Levinsen has found one 

 vibraculum on M. ternata, and, also, he found vibracula on 

 Menipea benemunita Busk of the ' Challenger,' for which Levinsen 

 proposed the genus Caberiella. Also, the form and position of 

 the radicle chamber in Scrupocellaria serrata Waters + suggests 

 that a recent ancestor had vibracula. 



Although these cases prove that the presence of vibracula does 

 not give a sharp divisional line between what has been under- 

 stood as Scrihpocellaria and Menipea, yet all the species could 

 scarcely remain in one genus, and separation can be made on 

 other grounds. The presence of avicularia gives but very limited 

 assistance in classification, although there are characters in the 

 avicularia which are very useful ; so it is, therefore, not sur- 

 prising to find that in some species vibracula may be found as 

 an exception. 



Most of what have been called Menipea have an anterior 

 avicularium immediately below the area or slightly to one side, 

 though there are some species without any, as S. inermis, nor 

 are lateral avicularia universal. 



Levinsen § considered that Caberea and his Caberiella had the 

 avicularium divided into two chambers, whereas I was unable to 

 find two, for while there is a prolongation of the vibracular 

 chamber, this only seems to be for the groove in which the 



* Waters, "On Membiaiiiporidpe," .Tourn. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. xxyi. p. 672, 

 pi. xlviii. fi^s. 10, 11 ; xlix. fiijs. 7-10 (1898). 



t 'Cap Horn,' p. 69 (1888), and Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, p. 507 (1882). 



X Report on Red Sea Bryozoa, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. xxxi. p. 133, pi. x. 

 %s. 11-14 (1909). 



§ Morpli. and Syst. Studies on the CLeil. Bryozoa, p. 134. 



