484 MR. A. W. WATERS ON 



of both the oixlinary zooecia and the ovicelligerons zooecia, although 

 tlie notch in the calcareous wall has been taken for an oral sinus; 

 Claviporella Lev., with a perforated ovicell and triangular aperture 

 to both forms of zooecia,. 



The characters relied upon by Levinsen are none of them now 

 mentioned, as my object is to show the importance of the ovicell 

 and of the operculum in classification, though of course all 

 available characters must be used. 



Levinsen (p. 254, pi. xiii.) mentions a closure in Vittaticella 

 and other genera which he calls an " occlusion." 1 have not seen 

 anything quite like Levinsen's description, in which it is said to 

 start from tliree processes, which, of course, is the youngest stage, 

 but in a specimen of Catenicella cornuta B. from Western Port, 

 Yictoria, tliere is in the older zooecia a calcareous closure which 

 is, however, under the operculum and quite independent of it. 

 There are two round openings near the distal end, that is, one 

 at each side, and a rather larger one at the proximal end. 

 In a few very old zooecia these two distal pores coalesce and the 

 proximal opening becomes much larger, as if it were being dis- 

 solved away. I have only been able to find this closure in 

 C. elegans, in var. zanzibariensis, nov., and in C. cornuta as men- 

 tioned, although I have looked through the Oatenicellidse in my 

 collection and the British Museum, though Levinsen gives it as 

 a character of Vittaticella (Catcnaria Lev.). However, it only 

 occurs in the older and empty zooecia, and now, knowing this, 

 I might on re-examination find some which had been overlooked. 

 On p. 505 it is suggested that certain closures of Melicerititidse 

 should be compared. 



Vittaticella elegans Busk. (PI. LXY. figs. 1-7, 12.) 



Catenicella elegans Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. Mar. Polyzoa, p. 10, 

 pi. ix. (1852); Zool. Chall. Exp., Polyzoa, vol. x. pt. xxx. p. 12 

 {pars) ; Ortmann, " Die Japanische Bry.," Arch, fiir Naturgesch. 

 vol. i. p. 27 (1890); MacGillivray, Prod. Nat. Hist. Yict. 

 dec. iii. p. 23, pi. xxiv. fig. 10 (1895) ; Thornely, Ceylon Pearl- 

 Oyster Fisheries, Suppl. Bep. xxvi. p. 109 (1905). 



Vittaticella elegans Maplestone, " On a new name — Vittaticella — 

 for the Polyzoan genus GalojJorella McG.," Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict, 

 vol. xiii. n. s. p. 203 (1900). 



Specimens from Zanzibar growing on seaweed seem to be this 

 species. There is sometimes on one side of the zocecium a veiy 

 long, raised avicularium with the mandible directed distally 

 (figs. 1,2). A similar avicularium occurs in a specimen in the 

 British Museum from Arafura Sea. On the dorsal surface there 

 are the two small dots as figured by me in Vittaticella contei Aud. 

 (also in Brettia), and the radicles are in the same position as in 

 V. contei. In one case a new zooecinm springs from, the anterior 

 surface of a.n older zooecium, and this I have seen in other species 

 of Vittaticella. 



The operculum is larger than that of V. co)itei, and is more 



