704 PROF. A. DENDY AND MR. R. W. H. ROW ON 



44. The Classification and Phylogeny of the Calcareous 

 Sponges, with a Eeference List o£ all the described 

 Species, systematically arranged. By Arthur Dendy, 

 D.Sc, F.R.S., F.Z.S., Professor o£ Zoology in the 

 University of London, and R. W. Harold Row, B.Sc, 

 F.L.S., Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Zoology 

 at King's College. 



[Received May 30, 1913 : Read June 3, 1913.] 



(Text-figure 133.) 



" Le groupe ne se definira plus par la possession de certains cliaracteres, 

 mais par sa tendance a les accentuer." — Bergson. 



Index. n 



rage 



Introduction 704 



Principles OF Classification 709 



Systematic Arrangement of the Calcaeea 715 



Family 1. Homoccelidte, fam. nov 716 



„ 2i. Ijeiicascklce 729 



„ Z. Ijencalticl(s,i'a.\n. now 736 



„ 4. MincJdnellidce, fa.m. nov 739 



„ 5. Mur r a 1/oni dee, inva. nov 741 



„ 6. SycettidcB 742 



„ 7. Seteropiidcs 750 



,, 8. Graiitiides 757 



,, 9. AmpJioriscidcB 781 



,, 10. LelapiidcB, ia.n\. nov 784 



Genera and Species " Incertaj Sedis" 786 



List of rejected Generic Names ....,, 786 



Phylogent of the Calcarea 797 



Bibliography 805 



INTRODUCTION. 



The first Calcareous sponges, '^ Spongia ciliata" and ^^ /Spongia 

 compressa," were described in 1780 by Fabricius, but it was 

 not until much later that the essential diffei'ences between tlie 

 Calcareous and Non-calcareous Sponges were recognised. Fleming, 

 in 1828, however, proposed the genus Grmitia for the former 

 group, including in it all the forms whose skeleton consisted of 

 calcium carbonate. (Risso's earlier genus, Sycon, and Gray's 

 Scyj-)ha were diagnosed difterently.) 



