BRAIN OF A FOSSIL UNGULATE. 893 



Ungulate brain lies in the insignificance of the supra sylvian 

 sulcus compared with the lateral, which is the reverse of the 

 usual condition found in that group [4], 



The brain of Anoplotherium has the general proportions of 

 that of Orycteropus, and the "smell-brain" is nearly as well 

 developed. The horizontal continuous rhinal fissure in the brain 

 of the first agrees with the usual condition in the second. The 

 relations of the orbital, prorean, and lateral sulci agree in 

 both. The suprasylvian sulcus of the Anoplothere is much more 

 developed than in OrycierojnijS, but its size in relation to the 

 lateral sulcus is intermediate between the usual Ungulate con- 

 dition and the state of affairs in Orycteropus. The brain of the 

 Aard-Yark has long been known to approach the Ungulate type, 

 and in Anoplotherium we have an Ungulate which somewhat 

 approaches the Tubulidentate type. 



On the ventral surface, the differences between the two brains 

 are practically all accounted for by the different degrees of macros- 

 matism. In the cerebella there are no striking similarities, but 

 there is nothing to contradict a relationship. 



If cerebral anatomy be of any systematic value, the view 

 that Anoplothermnn and Orycteropus arose from a common, 

 though necessarily remote, ancestry can hardly be doubted. 



In conclusion, I must emphasize my indebtedness to Prof. Elliot 

 Smith, whose notes on the brain-cast I have freely used, and who 

 has given me a great deal of help in many other ways. My 

 thanks are also due to Dr. Andrews and Mr. D. M. S. Watson 

 for kindnesses received at the British Museum. 



Literature. 



1. G. CuviER. — " Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles "... 



Vol. iii. 1822. 



2. H. M. D. DE Blainville.— "Osteographie." 1839-1864. 



3. 0. Earle. — " A Memoir upon the Genus Pcdceosyojis Leidy 



and its Allies." Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadephia, 

 2nd ser. vol. ix. pp. 267-388. 1892. 



4. G. Elliot Smith. — " The Brain in the Edentata." Trans. 



Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) vol. vii. pp. 277-394. 1899. 



5. G. Elliot Smith. — " Further Observations on the Natural 



Mode of Subdivision of the Mammalian Cerebellum." 

 Anatomischer Anzeiger, Bd. xxiii. p. 369. 1903. 



6. Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Physiological 



Series of Comparative Anatomy contained in the 

 Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 

 Vol. ii. 2nd ed. p. 168. 1902. 



General. 



H. FiLHOL. — " Recherches sur les Phosphorites du Quercy.'" 



1876-77. 

 G. Elliot Smith. — " Notes upon the Natural Subdivision of the 



Cerebral Hemisphere." Journ. Anat. k Phys. vol. xxxv. 



p. 431. 1901. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc— 1913, No. LX. 60 



