PERONEAL MUSCLES IN BIRDS. 1047 



Ibidiflpe. Carphibis spinicoUis. Platalea leucorodia. Plegadis 

 falcinelltis. — In these the P. longus is normal with superficial and 

 fascial origins, only a few fibres of deep origin, good broad anchor 

 and slip to III. The P. brevis is present but very weak, arising 

 by a few thin fibres from the greater part of the length of the 

 fibula and passing into a slender but long tendon with the usual 

 flat insertion. 



Phoenicopteri. Flioe.nico'ptertis antiquorum.- — In the Flamingo 

 the P. longus is strong with only the superficial and fascial 

 oi'igins, with good wide anchor and slip to III. The P. brevis is 

 absent. 



The general picture presented by the Ciconiiformes is of a 

 large well formed longus muscle chiefly with superficial origin, 

 and a brevis muscle almost invariably slender and showing a 

 strong tendency to disappear, but none the less with the presence 

 or absence following the minor divisions of the assemblage, 

 and not being sporadic in the genera. 



Anseeiformes. 



Palamedese. Chauna chavaria. Palaviedea coi-nuia. — I 

 have already described the conditions in these [supra, p. 1040). 



An seres. Cygnus olor, C. itigricollis. yEx gcdericulata 

 and JEx sponsa. Cereopsis iiovce-hollandice. Chloep>haga inomata. 

 IJendr^ocygna fidva. Querquedula casianea. Metojnana pieposaca. 

 (Udeinia nigra. Mergus serrator. — In the Swans, Geese and 

 Ducks the P. longus is large with a very broad superficial origin 

 wrapped round the front of the knee, partly covering and partly 

 with fascial origin from the tibialis anticusand a lesser extension 

 towards the gastrocnemius. The muscle narrows I'apidly (text- 

 fig. 181) to a rounded tendon from which a very broad anchor, 

 frequently in separate slips, is given ofl:', the main tendon forming 

 the slip to III. The P. brevis is always present and usually 

 large, with a central tendon and pinnate slips of fibres from the 

 greater part of the fibula, and adjacent surface of the tibia. It 

 frequently dips under a fibrous bridge and then flattens out and 

 has an unusually wide insertion to the abaxial side of the end of 

 the tibio-tarsus. Thei-e is usually one, and not infrequently a 

 second separate tendon running across the tarsal joint. The 

 variations within the group are small, all the normal parts being 

 present. The deep origin of the longus is usua,l]y very slight, but 

 as an exception it is well-marked in Dendrocygna. The anchor 

 is very broad and short, and usually in sepaiate slips, but in the 

 ducks generally and in Dendrocygna it is rather more fan-shaped. 

 In CEdeviia the brevis is very short, arising only from the tibia 

 below the fibula and from a small portion of the fibula ; its 

 tendon, moreover, instead of crossing under the slip to III runs 

 pai'allel with it, and is inserted to the axial edge of the tarsus- 

 metatarsus. 



In the Anseriformes the peroneals are both well developed. 



