1052 DR. p. CHALMEKS MITCHELL ON THE 



Ccdophasis ellioti. Crossojitilon vnantchuricimi (2 examples). Rol- 

 hdiis roidroid. Ortyx virginiamis (2 examples). Lophortyx 

 douglasl. Coturnix coromandelica. Francoliiius infiiscatus. — In 

 all these Galline birds the P. longus was enormous, with very 

 strong superficial, well-marked fascial and rather slight deep 

 origins. The anchor was stout and in most cases rather broad and 

 sliort, but in the Francolin was nai-row and rounded. The slip to 

 III was invariably stroi^g. The tendon of the longus was partly 

 ossified down to the anchor in the older birds. The P. brevis 

 was present in all, but in most cases rather slender, and its origin 

 was from the distal three-quarters of the shaft including the 

 fibula, adjacent surface of tibia and tibia distal to the fibula. 

 The rather short tendon (long in one of the Quails) usually 

 passed through a fibrous bridge and then flattened out to 

 normal insertion. In Pucheran's Guinea-fowl, however, the 

 tendon did not pass across the tarsal joint, but ended on a knob 

 on the distal end of the tibio-tarsus in about the position 

 where it occasionally passes thi-ough a fibrous or calcified bridge. 

 The P. brevis was relatively weak in all these birds, and the 

 condition in the Guinea-fowl is at least complete functional 

 degenei-ation, but I have found no case of complete absence, 

 although I examined Penelope and Gallus gcdlus, in which Dr. 

 Gadow found it absent. 



Opisthocomi. Opisthocoimis cristatus (2 examples). — The P. 

 longus is of moderate size with only a rather narrow superficial 

 origin. Good anchor and slip to III present. The P. brevis is 

 relatively rather strong, arising from the distal three-quarters of 

 the shaft in the normal fashion and with a short tendon flattening 

 out to the usual insertion. 



In the Galliformes the P. longus remains the dominant muscle 

 and is always well developed, with, however, seldom much deep 

 origin. The P. brevis is present but obviously less important. 



Gruiformes. 



Ilallidse. Ftdica leucoptera. Gcdlimda ddoropxis and G.pliceni- 

 cura. Tribonyx mortieri. Hydrornia cdleni. Porphyrio poiyhyrio 

 (2 examples). Ocydromusaustrcdis. Porzana Carolina. At'amides 

 chiricote and A. ypecaha. Hypotcenidia pliilippe^isis (2 examples). 

 Rallus lo7igirostris, E. mactolatus, and li. celebensis. 



In all these Rails (text-fig. 183) the P. longus is a strong- 

 muscle usually with an extensive superficial and good fascial 

 origin and rather little deep origin. The muscular fibres converge 

 to a powerful tendon, frequently ossified, about the middle of the 

 length of the shaft. The anchor is very strong and tends to be 

 broken into separate slips ; the slip to III is always present, with 

 the usual course. The P. brevis is also always present and rather 

 strong, arising from the upper half of the fibula and the adjacent 

 surface of the tibia. It then passes into a stout tendon, some- 

 times ossified, and having traversed a fibrous or calcified bridge 

 flattens out to the usual insertion. The text-figure, drawn from 



