140 NEWTON: CRETACEOUS CONCHOLOGY OF S. AFRICA. 
these widely separated areas were united by a land surface 
during cretaceous times, thus giving rise to the possible existence 
in that epoch, of an Indo-African Continent. 
PREVIOUS RESEARCHES ON THE CRETACEOUS CONCHOLOGY 
OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. 
So far as I have been able to discover, the earliest record of 
Cretaceous Mollusca from South Africa was made by Hofrath 
Hausmann,? in 1837. He obtained certain shells from the 
district of Sunday river, about 18 miles from Enon, which, 
without being described or figured were determined as :— 
Flamites, like intermedius, J. Sowerby, or 
fT, funatus, Brongniart, 
Ammonites spinosissimus, (MS.), 
Cytherea like caperata, J. de C. Sowerby, 
Trigenia like dedalea and clavellata, Parkinson, 
all of which forms were regarded as belonging to the Greensand 
formation. 
Goldfuss* subsequently described and figured two of 
Hausmann’s shells ; one as Lyrodon Hertzogi, the other as 
Cytherca Hlertzogt, both being recognised as Greensand fossils 
from the Sunday river neighbourhood near Enon. 
In 1850 Dr. Ferdinand Krauss? described several lamelli- 
branch shells, which he had collected during 1839, from deposits 
on the left bank of the Zwartkop river, and which were stated to 
indicate a Lower Greensand age. 
They were figured and diagnosed as follows :— 
Anoplomya lutraria (gen. et sp. nov.). 
Astarte Bronni, sp. nov. 
Astarte (Cytherea) Hertzogi, Goldfuss 
Cucullea cancellata, sp. nov. 
1 Beitrige zur Kunde der geognostichen Constitution von Siid-Afrika. Gottingische gel. 
Anzeigen, 1837. Part 3, p. 1449. 
2 Petrefacta germanie, 1837, vol. 2, pl. 137, fig. 5, p. 202. 
36 of 1840, vol. 2, pl. 149, fig. 10, p. 239. 
3 Ueber einige Petrefacten aus der untern Kreide des Kaplandes. MVov. Act. Acad. Ces. 
Leop.-Carol Nat, Cur. (Breslau & Bonn), 1850. Vol. 22, pls. 47-50, pp. 439-464. 
J.C., viii., Jan. 1896. 
