152 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 
NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER 
MOLLUSCA OF THE ENGLISH 
IGANG; IDIUSINRICC 1 
By CAPTAIN W. J. FARRER. 
(Read before the Conchological Society, July 3rd, 1895). 
TuE lake district, as marked on the map of England, comprises 
a very large tract of country extending as it does on the north 
and east from St. Bees and Penrith ; to Lancaster and the Irish 
Sea and Morecambe Bay on the south and west; but of this, 
the lake district proper, or what may be termed the ‘lakeland 
of the poet and tourist,’ forms but a small portion, and to this 
only do the following notes and records refer. 
Geologically, lakeland as thus defined, would seem to be 
but poorly fitted for the abode of terrestrial shell-bearing 
mollusca, being almost entirely destitute of limestone, for 
although as it were surrounded by a ring-fence of this substance 
in no part ts it encroached upon, excepting where a very narrow 
strip of what is locally known as Coniston stone appears, ex- 
tending from Broughton to Long Sleddale, the rest of the 
district consisting of green and Skiddaw slate, with here and 
there a little granite and syenite. Yet, notwithstanding this 
great drawback, the district is most prolific in species, as out of 
the 130 species known as British, at least 75 are found 
throughout this portion of country. 
From the abundance of water and plant life found in the 
many lakes, rivers, and streams, we might reasonably expect to 
find the water-loving species equally numerous, but whether 
owing to the low temperature of the water, the peaty nature of 
the surrounding soil, or the vast flocks of gulls, wild ducks, and 
other aquatic birds which congregate here during the autumn 
and winter months, the freshwater snails are, with the single 
exception of Limnaea peregra, comparatively rare, and diffi- 
J.C., viii., Jan. 1896. 
