6 MARSHALL: ADDITIONS TO ‘‘ BRITISH CONCHOLOGY.” 
35 
most probably derived from ballast. It is a common 
Mediterranean shell. 
Cardium aculeatum L.—Abundant and live at Torbay, 
Teignmouth, and Exmouth, after easterly gales, but from 
constant rolling in a shallow sea they are almost destitute 
of spines, which is the chief beauty of this handsome shell. 
They are in better condition in this respect at the mouths 
of Torquay and Paignton harbours, though here they are 
badly stained with mud; but good specimens may occa- 
sionally be had from the Babbacombe and Teignmouth 
trawlers. The best I have seen were obtained by Dr. 
Lukis at very low tides at Guernsey, but I do not know 
what part of the island. These were exhibited at the 
British Association Meeting of 13862. 
Var. depressa Marsh. (J. of C., vol. 7, p. 246, 1893).— 
South Devon. Figured by Jeffreys as the type. Sowerby’s 
is the type form. 
C. echinatum L.—Low water (Jersey) to too f. The Jersey 
specimens are the handsomest I have seen, every spine 
being perfect, even over the umbones to the beaks ; these 
are longer and more oblique than the type, and live in very 
fine muddy sand. 
The young above the size of a pea are easy to separate 
from the same stage of C. fuberculatum; they are pure 
white, broadly oval, the ribs sharper, and their interstices 
wider. In this stage, they are often mistaken for the 
young of C. aculeatum. ‘The young of C. tuderculatum are 
circular, of a reddish-brown, with only a few tubercles. 
The very young of these two species gradually approximate 
until it becomes impossible to separate them. 
Var. expansa Jeff.—-Plymouth Sound; Torbay ; Pendine ; 
Doggerbank. Jeffreys figures this variety as the type, but 
Sowerby’s is the type form. 
C. tuberculatum L.—Jeffreys’ dimensions for this shell 
apply to var. suborbicula Marsh. ; his type-figure is as broad 
J.C., vili., Apr 1897. 
