1700 
1705 
1708 
442 MELVILL: THE PRINCIPLES OF NOMENCLATURE. 
corum. ‘This gives figures of our native shells. There was a 
good republication of these great works of Lister’s in 1770, 
under the direction of the Rev. W. Huddesford, then keeper 
of the Ashmolean Museum, the plates having been bequeathed 
by the author to the University of Oxford. 
At the dawn of the next century PETIVER published 
“Gazophylacium nature et artis,” containing figures of shells 
referred to occasionally by Linnzeus; and LEEUWENHOEK, the 
great microscopist, also published a treatise on the internal 
anatomy of shell-bearing mollusks. 
The great RUMPHIUS now appears on the scene. He must 
have travelled widely, and found in Amboyna the most choice 
assortment of natural history objects, sufficient to publish a large 
and expensive work, “‘Amboinsche Rariteitkamer.” Over half 
of the total number of plates are devoted to pictorial representa- 
tions of shells, and Linnzeus owes much to this author, as the 
frequent references in the “ Systema” amply testify. Rumphius 
lived at a time when, especially in Holland, the mania for 
collecting and giving extravagant prices for shells was at its 
acme ; it was in these days that the wealth ofa collector was often 
centred in the possession of a wentle-trap, a cone, or a thorny 
oyster. The unique and magnificent Plewrotoma Rumphit 
Stimpson, of which the only specimen is to be found in the 
Royal Museum, Holland, has been aptly named in his honour. 
Another writer of less note than Rumphius, but of the same 
nationality, and flourishing at the same time, was Levin VIN- 
CENT, who published a description of his museum under the 
title of ‘‘ Woondertooneel der Natuur,” 1706. 
It was JoSEPH PITTON DE ToURNEFORT, the great leader 
of botanical research in France, who died 1708, to whose 
intellect and sagacity the dawn of modern classification may be 
traced. Himself the principal scientist of his time in the 
branches which he had studied, it was not long before his death 
that he began to turn his attention to Zoology. 
J.C., viii., Oct., 1897. 
