Dfi. T. S. COBBOLD ON THE LAUGE ntJMAN FLUKE. 293 



vvas an occupant of saltwater as well as freshwater moUusks. 

 The original specimens which gave origin to the genus were found 

 by Von Baer in the freshwater mussel ; but since the publication 

 of his memoir (ISTova Acta, xiii.), the same, or at all events similar 

 forms of larvsB have been encountered in a variety of mollusks. 

 Up to the present time Bucephali have been found in Vnio picto- 

 rum, Anodonta cellensis, and A. anatina, Cardium edule and C. 

 rustictim, Ostrea edulis, Planorhis marginata, and in one or more 

 species of Paludina. According to Woodward, several species of 

 oyster are sold in the Indian and Chinese markets ; so that there 

 may be some difficulty in determining the particular species to 

 which the Ningpo oysters should be referred. 



Now that I am thus incidentally led to speak of the Bucepliali, 

 I may mention that on the 7th of last October several examples 

 of free rediss were exhibited by Mr. Badcock at a Meeting of the 

 Koyal Microscopical Society, on which occasion Mr. Charles 

 Stewart, Mr. White, Mr. Slack, and other well-known microsco- 

 pists communicated observations. I understood that Professors 

 Huxley and Eeay Grreene determined the bucephaloid character 

 of these cercarians from specimens that were separately brought 

 under their notice. 



The recent contribution by M. A. Giard on the ency station of 

 BucephaUis Haimemius contains important additions to our know- 

 ledge, whilst at the same time it affords a useful summary of the 

 facts previously supplied by Von Baer, Steenstrup, Von Siebold, 

 Claparede, and Lacaze-Duthiers. Dr. Pagenstecher's memoir 

 appears to have escaped Griard's notice ; yet the Heidelberg 

 savant was one of the first to point out that the highly contractile 

 double tail-like appendages of this remarkable germ-sac were 

 capable of developing into new germ-sacs, which latter, in their 

 turn, developed within thein fresh Bucephali. M. Giard shows 

 that Bucephalus Saimeanus encysts itself in the viscera of the 

 garfish {Belone vulgaris), especially in the peritoneum, liver, and 

 genital glands (Comptes Eendus, Aug. 17, and Ann. Nat. Hist, 

 for Nov. 1874). The predilection of Bucephali for the reproduc- 

 tive territory, so to speak, causes sterility in their molluscan in- 

 termediary bearers. This was pointed out by Claparede, who also 

 found rediae of this kind attached to Medusae ; but since there 

 was no evidence to show that this attachment presented the semi- 

 parasitic character of a commensal or fellow-boarder^ it is fair to 

 suppose that the connexion was merely accidental. The free Bu- 

 cephali found by Claparede off the coast of Normandy did not 



