ABIETINEZ OF CALIFORNIA. 359d 
1. P. SitcHensis, Carr. A tall strictly pyramidal tree (150 to 200 feet high and 6 to 9 feet in sa [122] 
with Pi scaly specie bark ; branchlets thick and rigid, rough with the very prominent persistent leaf 
glabrous : leaves 5 to 8 lines ini and a line wide or less, flattened, short-pointed ig sas or very ak stoma- 
tose fak the sal leaves white) only on the upper surface or very slightly so on the lower : cones cylindrical-oval, 
1} to 23 or rarely 3 inches long, an inch thick or less, pale yellowish, the Pak Oe lanceolate rigid bracts 4 or } the 
length of the oblong rounded denticulate scales ; seeds slender 1} to 14 lines long, the wing 2} to 3 times longer (4 to 
43 lines long by 1} wide), narrowly oblong, only slightly oblique: cotyledons 4 to 6. — Conif. 260. Pinus Sitchensis, 
Bong. Veg. Sitch. 46. dbies, Lindl. & Gord. Pinus Menziesii, Dougl.; Lamb. Pin. 2 ed. t. 89. er RES: Lindl. 
in Penny Cyc. i. 32; Loud. Arbor. iv. 2321, fig. ; Nutt. Sylva, t. 116; Newberry, Pacif. R. Rep. vi. 56, t. 
Peculiar to the northern Pacific coast, nally 3 in wet sandy soil and near the mouths of a 3 Gane 
and Crescent City northward to Alaska; how far inland or how high above the ocean it may be found is at present un- 
known. This is probably the tallest spruce known, an excellent timber-tree, probably the best in Oregon, but too rare 
in California to be of much importance there. The older specific name, Sitchensis, must be substituted for the more 
generally used Menziesii, which represents absolutely the same species. The Rocky Mountain Spruce, which has here- 
tofore been known under the same name of Menziesii, is P. pungens, Engelm., with more pungent and less flattened 
leaves, longer cylindrical cones, undulate retuse scales, and minute bracts, and with larger broadly winged seeds. — 
Strawberry Valley and other valleys and slopes about Mount Shasta, at an elevation of 3,500 to 4,000 feet, a peculiar 
spruce occurs of which at present we know nothing but that its lower branches are very long, slender, and pendulous, 
and the leaves much narrower than those of P. Sitchensis, 7 to 9 lines long and two thirds of a line wide, quite obtuse, 
strongly keeled and stomatose on the upper side and without stomata beneath ; cones unknown. The name of pehaet 
pendula suggests itself for this form, if indeed it should not prove to be a mountain variety of P. Sitchensis. 
11. PINUS, Tourn.; Linx. Pre. 
Staminate flower an oblong or cylindrical often much elongated stamineal column, surrounded by a somewhat 
definite number (3 to 18) of calyx-like bud-scales, the outer ones lateral and strongly keeled, from the axils of scales and 
crowded into a capitate or spicate inflorescence around the base of the same spring’s shoots : anther-cells ccs longi- 
tudinally, the connective terminating in a mere knob or short dentate or a larger semicircular erect crest : polle 
grains bilobed with 2 air-sacs, smaller than in Abies and Picea (.02 to .03 line long). Female aments also in ie axils 
of bud-scales, higher up on the growing axis, either next to the eutik bud (subterminal) or on the side with leaves 
and sometimes other aments above them (lateral), solitary or several together ; scales much larger than the bracts. 
Cones maturing in the second year, spreading or reflexed (very rarely erect), and subterminal (so called even in case of 
the elongation of the axis in the second year) or lateral ; bracts thickened and corky and assisting in the formation of 
cells for the seeds under them; scales more or less thickened and corky, upon the free exposed surface (apophysis) bear- 
ing a terminal or dorsal unarmed or prickly protuberance (wmbo). Seeds without resin-vesicles, usually surrounded by 
the rim-like base of the (sometimes very short) wing, which often spreads partly over the outer side of the seed. Coty- 
ledons normally 5 to 15.— Trees of very various size and aspect, usually not as large as in the preceding genera, nor 
often of the same pyramidal growth ; wood soft or hard, often very resinous, of surpassing importance for man’s uses : 
primary leaves (only on seedlings and young or flat, subulate and serrulate, the secondary in bundles of 1 
to 5, from the axils of bud-scales and surrounded at base by a more or less persistent sheath of membranous [123] 
scales, needle-shaped, terete or semiterete or uke according as the fascicles are of 1, 2, or more, mos 
cately serrulate, with stomata on all sides or rarely only on the upper inner sides ; resin-lucts peripheral (close to the 
epidermis) or parenchymatous (within the Nerd tissue) or internal (close to the cellular sheath pet at the we 
and vascular bundles), varying in number in the same species ; strengthening cells (thick-walled longitudinal h 
Jeni cells) distributed under the epidermis, "especially at the angles and keel, and often around the ducts, very cis 
absent : seeds becoming detached from the wing at maturity, or rarely remaining adherent and at last breaking off. — 
Pinus, Linn., Endlicher, Parlatore, in part. 
The largest and, geologically, the dldeat coniferous genus, of 60 or 70 recent species, of which 24 belong to the 
Old World and nearly twice as many to the New. About 15 species are Mexican and West Indian, 11 belong to the 
Atlantic States, and 15 to the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific slope. 
§ 1. Apophysis generally thinner, with a terminal unarmed umbo : anthers terminating in a knob or a few teeth or in 
a short incomplete crest : leaves in fives, with peripheral ducts (in our species), their sheaths loose and decid- 
uous : cones subterminal. — SrRoBvs. 
* Wings longer than the seeds: leaves serrulate and (at least when young) Sees at the blunt tip: female 
aments long-peduncled, erect : cones pendulous in the seco: 
1. P. monticona, Dougl. A tree 60 to 80 feet high and sometimes 3 feet in ena with smoothish pale bark 
splitting into square plates : leaves mostly 2 (occasionally 4) inches long, with 2 to 6 lines of stomata on the sides, rarely 
