ABIETINEZ OF CALIFORNIA. 359 
Abundant, but scattered or in small groves, over the dry and hot hills of the Coast Ranges, in the Sacramento 
Valley, and on the foothills of the Sierra Nevada through the whole length of the State, not over 4,000 feet above the 
sea, and occasionally on their eastern slope (Owen’s Valley, Rothrock). One of the “Nut Pines,” and most important 
to the Indians, in appearance very different from all other pines. 
11. P. Couttert, Don. A tree 1 or 2 feet in diameter, with very thick rough and almost black bark : leaves 
crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets, stiff, erect, 6 or 8 to 10 or 11 inches long and ? line wide ; young sheaths 
14 inches long, a half-inch when old ; bracts much fringed : male aments cylindric, 18 to 20 lines long, surrounded by 
8 or 10 bracts, the outer half as long as the inner ; anthers crested : cones shortly peduncled, long-oval, pointed, 10 to 
14 inches long and 4 or 5 thick, yellowish-brown, persistent many years; scales with a broad elongated apophysis and 
a very stout long incurved point (sometimes 2 inches long) : seeds oval, slightly ridged, black, 6 to 8 lines long ; wing 
10 to 15 lines long : cotyledons 11 to 14. — Linn. Trans. xvii. 440; Parlat. 1. c. 392. P. macrocarpa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 
XXvVi. misc. 61. 
n the Coast Ranges, at moderate elevations, from Monte Diablo to the southern border of the State. Wood 
brittle. siuahe to the last species, but readily recognized by the thicker and stiffer branchlets and leaves, The cones 
are sometimes shorter and thicker than usual, with very short spurs, and may then be mistaken for those of P. 
Sabiniana, but the seeds and wings (or their impressions on the scales) will always distinguish them. 
12. P. rnsiaNnis, Dougl. A tree 80 to 100 feet high and 2 or 3 feet in diameter, with thick much-fissured bark : 
leaves 4 to 5 or rarely 6 inches long, slender (only half a line wide), very closely serrate, bright green, their bracts not 
fringed : male flowers oblong, half an inch long, in a spike 1 to 14 inches in length, and surrounded by 10 involucral 
bracts ; anthers small, crested : cones shortly peduncled, in clusters, deflexed, very obliquely short-oval, pointed, 3 to 
54 inches long and 2 or 3 thick, deep chestnut-brown, very persistent and often remaining closed for many years ; 
scales on the outer side and especially toward the base enlarged, very thick and hemispherical, rarely flat, on the inner 
side flat and much smaller ; all at last nearly unarmed: seeds grooved and tuberculated, black, 3 or 4 lines long ; 
wing 8 to 10 lines long, widest above the middle : cotyledons 5 to 7.— Loud. Arbor. iv. 2243, fig. re Torr. Bot. 
Mex. Bound. t. 55 he PF. eae Lois. in Nouv. Duham. v. 243? P. adunca, Bose ; n Lam 
Dict. Suppl. iv. 418? P. radiat d P. tube ae Den: Linn. Trans. xvii. 441 (also sentiae sae - only [128] 
one on larger and the ee on eadueee 
A tree peculiar to the sea-coast from eax anit of San Francisco, to Monterey and San Simeon Bay, and 
nas the “ Monterey Pine.” Much interest attaches to the species, not only on account of its rapid growth and 
heantifally fresh green foliage, which make it ornamental in cultivation, but also because it is probably the old P. Cal- 
iforniana, which has never been identified but was said to have come from Monterey and to oe in its cones the 
Mediterranean P. Pinaster and in its large seeds P. Cembra, such as we do not find near that town. P. Sinelairii, 
Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. 392, t. 93, is a factitious species founded upon a cone of P. Montezume (from Tepic) and 
the foliage of P. insignis, while P. radiata of the same authors, 1. c. 392 and 443, is made up of the foliage of the 
former species and cone of the latter, as is proven by the specimens in Herb. Kew. A variety, binata, has been col- 
lected by Dr. Palmer on Guadalupe, with the normal cones of P. insignis but the leaves in pairs. 
3. P. rupercunata, Gordon. A small tree, 3 to 20 or exceptionally 30 to 40 feet high, $ to 1 foot in diameter, 
with a loosely branched conical top and thin light-brown acer bark : leaves 3 or usually 4 to 7 inches long, } to 2 
line wide, slightly and distantly serrulate ; sheaths at first 6 lines long ; bracts slightly fringed: male flowers in an 
— cee pele se 7 to 9 lines long, with 6 aoe bracts, the outer not much shorter than the inner 
: cones in verticils of 2 to 4, several of which often form on the same year’s shoot, pale leather- 
ae sr a oie er-gray, persisting for many years often without opening, peduncled, strongly reflexed, 3 to 5 inches 
long by 13 to 2 inches thick, conic-cylindrical, siete very oblique at base; outer scales much enlarged conically, 
angular, the inner flat, all with sharp prickles: ack, grooved, 3 lines long; wing 7 or 8 lines long, widest 
at or above the middle: cotyledons 5 to 8. Pin. 211; Parlat. 1. c. 394. P. Californica, Hartw. Journ. Hort 
Soc. ii. 189. 
On the Coast Ranges from San Bernardino and the Santa Lucia Mountains to the Shasta region, and here and 
there on the foothills of the Sierra Nevada (Forest Hill, between the forks of the American River, at 2,500 feet alti- 
tude, Bolander). This Californian Scrub Pine is a small and unsightly tree or bush, which on the east side of Mount 
Shasta is found full of cones when only 2 or 3 feet high (Brewer). The name P. tuberculata, originally given to a form 
of the last species, was transferred to this after Jeffrey’s discoveries in seoe and having been so used invariably since 
should still be retained, inasmuch as Hartweg’s name of Californica, though much older, was applied only through a 
mistaken identification of the species with Loiseleur’s plant above mentioned, and must therefore be droppe 
+4 ++ Leaves in pairs. 
14, P. murnicata, Don, I. c. A middle-sized tree, 25 to 50 or rarely 80 to 120 feet high, mostly slender (1 or 2 
or rarely 3 feet thick), with reddish-brown roughish bark and a patulous top: leaves rigid, 4 to 6 inches long, 3 to 1 
