568 , REVISION OF THE GENUS PINUS. 
I now propose an arrangement of the species of Pinus based upon the more essential [175] 
characters above analyzed, and, though I by no means claim it to be a faultless one, I expect 
that it will deserve the character of a natural one as much as any that can be devised. I find with 
Endlicher the most valuable character in the fruit scale, or rather, to speak more correctly, I find 
that the form of the fruit scale in this genus corresponds with a series of other characters which con- 
stitute two very natural sections of the genus. My section Strobus in a wider sense includes his 
Strobus and Cembra, and my Pinaster, also enlarged, comprises all his other sections, viz. Pseudo- 
strobus, Teweda, Pinaster, and Pinea. The subsections are distinguished by the position of the ducts 
within the leaf, whether peripheral, parenchymatous, or internal. Subordinate to this character is 
the subterminal or lateral position of the female ament and the cone. Only after this may the num- 
ber of leaves in a sheath be taken into consideration, and perhaps the presence or absence of 
strengthening cells around the ducts. It will be found that thus not only natural but to some extent 
even geographical alliances are best preserved. I enumerate only such species or subspecies (these 
in brackets) which I have been able to examine myself; the list, however, will be found nearly 
complete. The nomenclature of Parlatore in DC. Prod. xvi.? is adopted unless otherwise stated.* 
Sect. I. STROBUS. Apophysis with a marginal unarmed umbo, generally thinner ; cones subterminal ; leaves 
in fives, their sheaths loose and deciduous ; anthers terminating in a knob, or a few teeth, or in a short 
incomplete crest ; wood softer, lighter, less resinous. 
§ 1. Evsrropi. Ducts peripheral.— Northern or mountain species of the Old and New World. 
* Wings longer than the seeds ; leaves sharply serrulate, denticulate at tip. 
+ Strengthening cells few, none around ducts. 
P. Strobus, monticola, excelsa, Peuce; parviflora,? Bonapartea,® Ayacahuite. 
¢ t Strengthening cells abundant under the epidermis and surrounding ducts. 
P. Lambertiana. 
* * Wings much shorter than seeds ; leaves mostly entire, not denticulate at tip. 
P. flexilis, (albicaulis), pygmea. 
§ 2. Crmpra&. Ducts parenchymatous ; leaves sparingly serrulate, scarcely denticulate at tip. — Europe [176] 
and principally Asia. 
P. Ceméra,* Mandschurica, Koraiensis. 
Sect. II. PINASTER. Apophysis with a dorsal umbo, mostly armed, generally thicker; leaves 1 to 5 ina 
bundle, their sheaths usually persistent ; anthers mostly terminating in a semi-orbicular or almost orbicular 
crest ; wood generally harder, heavier, and more resinous. 
A. Ducts peripheral. 
a. Cones subterminal. 
§ 3. InteGRiIFroLI£. Leaves smooth-edged, re sheaths deciduous ; anthers terminating in a knob or a few 
teeth. — Western North America and Mexi 
* Cones short subglobose, with thick a unarmed; seeds large with a minute wing ; leaves 1 to 5. 
Cembroides. 
P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, monophyllas 
* * Cones oval or elongated, scales armed with a decid persistent prickle or an awn, seeds much shorter 
than the wing, leaves in fives. Balfouriana. 
P. Balfouriana,' (aristata). 
§ 4. Synvesrres. Leaves serrulate, their sheaths persistent ; anthers crested or (only in P. sylvestris) — 
knobbed. — Europe and Asia, one species in America 
* Leaves in threes ; wings much longer than seeds. Siies. at India and its islands. 
P. Khasia,’ insularis,’ longifolia? 
* This synopsis is reprinted in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for July 24, 1880, p. 104. — Eps, 
