REVISION OF THE GENUS PINUS. 373 
region of South Carolina, from whence Dr. Mellichamp sends them ; further inland the cones are more elongated, often 
twice as long as in the northern rigida (Wm. H. Ravenel, Aiken, 8. C.). Prof. Sargent observed it on the Georgia and 
East Flocida coast, but not in West Florida or in Alabama. Felled trees or posts set in the ground sometimes make 
sprouts bearing primary leaves. 
33. P. patula, Schiede & Deppe. The epidermis cells of the leaves protrude so that the surface appears minutely 
tuberculate. 
34. P. inops, var. clausa, was discovered and named by Dr. Chapman at Appalachicola, Florida, and Prof. Sargent 
finds it quite common on Cedar Keys. It is distinguished from the ‘ae by decidedly narrower leaves and by its 
cones being often serotinous, more in one tree than in another. The leaves are $ line wide, while in the species they 
are often # and even nearly 1 line wide ; the sheaths in both forms are “ “aise deciduous; young branches green, in 
the northern form glaucous ; involucrum of 10 to 11, in inops of 8 to 9 bracts ; cones larger, mostly subsessile, 
recurved ; in the other, mostly longer peduncled and patulous ; cotyledons fewer, 4 or rarely 5, in the other 
5. P. pungens, Michx. Leaves rarely in threes and sometimes with accessory internal ducts. he cones persist 
sometimes 20 years or longer 
36. P. muricata, Don. “Male flowers only 4 inch long ina spike of about 1 inch in length, similar to those 
of tuberculata and insignis ; antheral crest strongly denticulate, in the others nearly entire. Specimens have [184] 
been collected at Tomales Point with subterminal cones, not different in any other respect. The cones of the 
southern specimens (from Monterey, etc.) have usually very long, } inch, and stout curved spurs, especially on the 
outer side, and fully deserve their specific name, but others from farther north (Mendocino, etc.) are more regular, 
with short and thin, though very sharp, prickles. 
37. P. Pinaster, Ait. The male flowers form a large oval head ; involucral bracts often only 3 or sometimes 4, 
all of equal length. Geographically and structurally this species is more nearly allied with P. Canariensis, less so with 
Laricio, but is distinguished from both by the lateral (quite rarely subterminal) female amen 
38. P. mitis, Michx. Wide-spread through the middle and partly the southern States, rare in New Jersey and 
not now found farther north ; westward to Arkansas and to Missouri south of the Missouri river, where it is the only 
species of pine ; it is found always on silicious soil ; it furnishes excellent “ hard pine” lumber. The outer pair of the 
9-12 involucral bracts is scarcely half as long as the inner ones. 
glabra, Walt. Similar “ the last, with slender foliage, smoother bark (in young trees and on the branches 
the api ta} is quite smooth) and almost unarmed cones, distinguished by Walter 100 years ago, but long over- 
plies until W. H. Ravenel, about as years since, fnanamactrger Dr. Mellichamp finds it scattered on the coast of 
uth Carolina, where it grows on the edge of or in swamps, aa. on the knolls in them, with Magnolia, Fagus, and 
Ps yssa ; rarely on sandy soil, and never in the ec caille d Pine-barrens. He describes the branching of the tree as singu- 
larly characteristic, the spray usually being flattened somewhat like that of Cedias It probably extends through the 
lower parts of the southeastern and southern States, as it is again found in Mississippi (E. Hilgard). The tree (known 
in South Carolina as the Spruce-Pine) grows up to 80 feet ia height ; the gray bark of such old trees is flaky, and is 
sein re by some to that of the sugar-maple, by others to a siabothish white-oak bark. The leaves are usually 23 to 
neches long, not half as thick as they are wide, while in P. mitis their thickness exceeds half their width ; the 
ical involucral bracts are minute. 
. P. Banksiana, Lamb., published 1803 in Lambert’s first edition, a year prior to Poiret’s name of P. rupestris, 
ae name, erroneously preferred by Parlatore, must give way to the former. Probably the only pine with erect or 
at least patulous cones ; the small prickles of the very young cones soon disappear, so that the mature ones are unarmed. 
The base of the wing entirely covers the outer side of the seed and separates from - just as it does in Picea, and which I 
have not seen in any other pine to this extent. The cones are often serotinous and persist for a long time. The seeds 
seem to germinate most readily, just like those of P. Teda, and in moist sandy soil, in old fields, and ‘ten railroads 
young trees spring up “evens It makes a moderate-sized tree, but is perhaps never over 20 or 30 feet high, 
and 10-12 or very rarely 18 inches in diameter. Very common in Northern Michigan and Wisconsin, it does [185] 
not seem to extend ssi sora than the Saskatchewan, where it is replaced by P. contorta. 
41. P. oocarpa, Schiede. Most of the ducts are internal ; occasionally a parenchymatous one was found in the 
leaves examined by me. Further investigation must show whether this species may not more properly be referred to 
its Mexican cress of the Pseudostrobi group. Strengthening cells are abundant around, under the epidermis and 
also near the vessels. 
a a eae race Male flowers 24-3 inches long, the longest of any pine, of rose-purple color ; lowest 
pair . ane bracts minute. On a very vigorous shoot I Sek seen the female ament lateral (see p- 170), a rare 
anomaly. In the eesti plantlet, the long wing remaining attached to the seed shell is raised up like a flag by 
the growing cotyledonous leaves. 
