REMARKS ON NELUMBIUM LUTEUM. 471 
about 3 inches long and envelops the whole bud ; the growing stem, enveloped by the stipule, bursts 
through its very thin back, while the leaf and the flower-bud, wrapped in the second scale, }, pass 
out on the upper, open side, leaving its upper part, when entire, between the leaf and the stipule ; at 
last, 1t usually divides into two halves, with lateral positions. 
The second scale, b, is 3-5 or sometimes even 6-8 inches long, bears in its axil always the 
flower-bud, and originally envelops that and the leaf, but not the stipule ; it remains on the back of 
the peduncle, or, where that remains undeveloped, of the petiole. 
The peltate, orbicular leaf, C, has often been described. I allude here only to the 6 tubes of 
its stalk, arranged exactly as in the smallest branches, the smallest pair on its posterior, grooved side. 
The epidermis-cells of the upper surface are very small (0.007-0.010 line diameter) and angular, 
each with a little knob, which together produce the velvety, water-repelling surface; the lower sur- 
face is formed of a single layer of much larger cells (0.020-0.025 line) with tortuous walls, and is 
kept distended and separate from the parenchym of the leaf by a kind of framework built of cells, 
which forms a network of meshes filled with air. Only the upper surface has stomata. At the base 
of the leaf a stipule, in shape and texture similar to the scales, in full-sized specimens 2-2} inches 
long, envelops the axillary bud as well as the continuation of the stem; while the latter, growing 
out, leaves it on its upper side, the branch penetrates its back, thus placing it between itself and the 
stem, or at last splits it in two. 
The first opposite leaves of the flowering branch may be classed as bracts ; from the very similar 
exterior sepals, they may be distinguished by their position, smaller size, and persistency ; they are 
already observed in the smallest bud, of 0.1 line diameter. The succeeding organs of the flower are 
arranged in much more complicated phyllotactic orders. 
The lowest, superimposed scales of the leaf-branch are close between the branch and the stem ; 
the lowest one is only 6—9 lines long, notched or unequally bifid ; the second is 14-2 inches long, of 
the form and texture of the other scales, not perforated by any organ, but often at last severed in two 
halves. 
FLOWER AND Fruir.— A few observations must suffice here. I will only mention that the pro- 
longed and thickened commissure of the anthers forms a hook, which in the bud is curved over the 
torus, that of the inner filaments much more than that of the outer ones. The pollen grains are 
smooth and globular, 0.04 line in diameter. I find the number of carpels, and consequently of nuts, 
on the torus between 12 and 31, arranged in two or in three circles: 9-15 in the outer, 3-11 in the 
second, and 1-5 in the third circle, when present. The carpels, in the smallest flower-buds examined, 
were indicated by cellular protuberances on the receptaculum in the same plane as the smaller cellu- 
lar masses destined for anthers, of 0.05 line diameter; the torus, growing up, gradually encloses them, 
leaving only the stigma free. The knob of the carpel is always directed towards the periphery of 
the torus, and the micropyle of the anatropous ovule towards the centre ; the channel of the perforated 
stigma leads into the cavity of the carpel near the short funiculus, away from the micro- 
pyle. The cotyledons form with the edge towards the rhaphe, consequently in the radius of [139] 
the torus, and the lowest leaf of the plumula turns its back to the rhaphe and the periphery. 
Bups. — The buds, especially those which persist through winter, include the whole plant with 
all its organs (except the complicated parts of the flower itself) completely preformed, and repeated 
several times. A bud of 2 inches in length contained the primary organs a, 5 and C four times, and 
the branch r twice repeated, the-first branch consisting of two internodes, thus : — 
2 1 
1 : 2 3 4 
In 1 the leaf was 20 lines long; in 2, 3 lines; in 3, 2 line, and in 4, 2 line long; each one of 
the seven cycles distinctly showed the flower-bud and the branch-bud at their proper places. 
