(SaaS ena 
PAPERS ON GENTIANEZ. 485 
many ascending stems of a pale yellowish-green ; cauline leaves small, linear-oblong ; flowers single, terminal ; corolla 
greenish or whitish, 4-6 lines long, tubular, with acute lobes, and short, notched folds ; anthers oval, introrse ; ca; 
clavate-obovate, on a long stipe, usually much exceeding the corolla ; seeds oblong. 
Wet, grassy spots in the higher Rocky Mountains; also in Asia. The long protruding capsules (trumpet-shaped 
when open), together with its pale, sickly look, give the little plant a very curious appearance. 
GENTIANA PRosTRATA, Haenke ; Griseb. 1. c.; Engelm. l. ¢. figs. 9-14 ; Gray, Syn. 120. — Annual, small, weak, 1-2 
inches high, with horizontal or decumbent bbrunebue : leaves only 2-3 lines long, ovate, green with narrow white mar- 
gins; tome azure-blue, “ine terminal on the fieeachin, 5-6 lines long (or in luxuriant specimens sometimes . 
larger) ; lobes seen AG olate; appendages half as long, similar or sometimes notched ; anthers oval, introrse ;_ [192] 
capsule linear-oblong, aac enclosed in the corolla; seeds oblong. — Alpine regions of the Rocky Moun- 
tains, also in Asia, and rare in Europe, where it is said to have usually "B-parted flow 
ENTIANA FRIGIDA, Haenke; Griseb. l. c. 1113; Gray, Syn. 120. penrerinns stems, 1-5 inches high, with 
fibrous roots ; leaves linear to spatulate, thickish, pale, 1-3 inches long, their bases forming a long sheath ; calyx half 
as long as the corolla, with subulate lobes and, frequently, a cleft tube ; flowers 1-3, crowded on top, fantiel shaped: 
1} inches long, yellowish or greenish-white, spotted with red and brown ; lobes broad-triangular, acute ; reddish plaits 
‘vile, obique, om -crenulate, almost entire; anthers free ; seeds Seiad, narrowly winged, with crested ridges. 
places, in the alpine regions of the Rocky Mountains, and in Asia; very rare in Europe. — A very 
bistenss gre in ae color of its flowers Its mode of growth is entirely different from any other of our species. 
The flowering stems bear in the axils of shite lowest leaf-pair, within its long sheath, or breaking through it, leaf-buds 
which in the succeeding year produce flowering stems, while the base of the old stem withers away. The roots are 
therefore of only one year’s growth, thin and filiform, never thick, as those of most other Pnewmonanthes, nor is there 
a real caudex. 
GENTIANA Parryl, Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2, 218, pl. 10; Gray, Syn. 121. — Few ascending stems 
from thick fasciculate roots, ubout a span high ; leaves glaucescent, thickish, about 1 inch long, broadly ovate to 
oblong-lanceolate, with a sheathing base, especially in the lower ones ; the uppermost boat-shaped and keeled, involu- 
crating the single or few clustered flowers, concealing the calyx and shh almost equal to the large deep-blue corolla ; 
lobes of calyx linear, short, sometimes almost obliterated, shorter than the campanulate often once- or even twice-cleft 
tube; corolla 14 inches long, somewhat ventricose, its lobes short, broad, acutish, not miuch exceeding the narrow 
deeply 2-cleft appendages ; anthers free ; seeds Saad idecseted: wingless. 
Moist grassy places in the alpine and sub-alpine regions of Colorado and Utah. 
GENTIANA AFFINIS, Griseb. l. c. 114; Gray, Syn. 122. — Many stems, from a stout rootstock, with thick 
fasciculate roots, a span to a foot high, mostly ascending; leaves from oblong to lanceolate or linear sok flowers [193] 
small for the section, 1-1} inches long, usually clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, rarely fe ra 
lance-linear ; si ssi linear, unesual, usually shorter than their sometimes cleft tube ; lobes of the blue corolla 
acute, plaits bifid, anthe ; sessile stigmas lanceolate ; seeds narrowly, or sometimes more broadly, winged. 
t, grassy inane | in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah. The numerous thin seeds are borne on the 
whole inner surface of the capsule, which thus not only has the function of a placenta, but really seems to be nothing 
but a thin, membranaceous expansion of the placente themselves, forming a free sac within the capsule, which origi- 
nates from the commissures of the carpels, and remains attached to them only, and is at last otherwise entirely uncon- 
nected witli the walls of the capsule. It is probable that all the Pnewmonanthes with ovules from the entire inner 
surface of the capsule have this structure, and that in the others the ordinary arrangement of commissural placenta 
prevails. 
GENTIANA SERRATA, Gun. Fl. Norveg. 10; Gray, Syn. 117. G. detonsa, Rotth. Fries, Gray’s Manual, 5th te 
387. — Low, simple specimens, a few inches high, with single flowers, 1-1} inches long. Mount Graham, Arizo 
(751), at 9,000 feet altitude. 
The Norwegian specimens of this plant in my herbarium have much smaller flowers than ours and much smaller 
seeds. The “scales” which roughen the surface of the seeds prove, when moistened, to be transparent vesicles, single 
protruding cells of the epidermis. In the Norwegian form these vesicles are small, oblong, or nae ; in the Ameri- 
can specimens they are much larger and mostly hemispherical ; in the wai G. crinita I find them large and oblong. 
GENTIANA BARBELLATA, Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2, 216, pl. 1 — Has thus far been found only in the 
mountains of Colorado, near the timber-line, and is a very distinct species, w ue h can in no way be aera with 
serrata or simplex. I have already, in the first ae of this species, given the diagnostic characters, and ha 
also stated that it is the only perennial one of the section Crossopetalum in America, somewhat allied to the Eu. {194] 
ropean G. ciliata, also a perennial species, which so to be claimed as an annual ; barbellata, however, has 
seeds similar to those of serrata, though much smaller, while ciliata has the winged seeds of simplex, and ide an indefi- 
nite number of leaves. I have since had the opportunity of studying barbellata in the mountains - Colorado, and 
