418 THE TRUE GRAPE-VINES OF THE UNITED STATES.” 
The cuts of 33 grape seeds, here represented, illustrate the different characters which have been 
mentioned above. The figures are magnified four times (four diameters), acccompanied by an outline 
of natural size. They all represent the back of the seed. 
Figs. 1 and 2, Vitis Labrusca, seeds of wild plants ; fig. 1 from the district of Columbia, and fig. 2 from the moun- 
tains of East Tennessee. The seeds of the cultivated varieties do not differ from these ; they are all large, notched on 
top ; chalaza generally depressed and no rhaphe is visible in the groove, which extends from the chalaza to the notch, 
Figs. 3 to 5 represent seeds of cultivated forms, which all show evident signs of hybridity, and acknowledge the 
parentage of Labrusca by the form and size of the seed as well as by the irregular arrangement of the tendrils. Fig. 3 
is the seed of the Taylor Grape, which stands near Riparia. Fig. 4 is the seed of the Clinton, which has, perhaps, the 
same parents. Fig. 5, seed of the Delaware Grape, which possibly may be a hybrid of Labrusca with Vinifera. 
- 6 to 8, Vitis candicans ; seed similar to those of Labrusca, but broader, generally with a shorter beak, and 
less distinctly notched. Figs. 6 and 7 are from Texas, the latter broader and with a broader beak; fig. 8 comes from 
South _— and is still ecules and shorter 
g. 9, Vitis Caribea, similar to the last, ba smaller ; seeds short and thick, and deeply notched. 
Fis 10 and 11, Vitis Californica, seeds often smaller, scarcely or not at all notched, rhaphe indistinct or quite 
invisible ; chalaza narrow and long. Fig. 10 represents a single seed (one only in a berry) from near San Francisco ; 
fig. 11 is one of four seeds from San Bernardino, in Southern California. 
Fig. 12, Vitis monticola ; ea very similar to those of the last species, thick, notched, without a distinct rhaphe, 
and with a long and narrow chalaz 
Figs. 13 and 14, Vitis ae, from the Santa Rita Mountains ; seeds oa slightly notched, with a more or 
less oe but flat rhaphe. 
38. 15 to 17, Vitis estivalis ; seeds rather larger, cord-like rhaphe and more or less circular chalaza strongly 
itches all the seeds are from wild grapes gathered about St. Louis ; the seeds of the cultivated forms, Northern 
and Southern, are similar. Figs. 15 and 16 are from berries with only one or two seeds ; fig. 17 is narrower, and from 
a larger four-seeded berry. 
Fig. 18, Vitis cinerea, a seed similar to the last, with the same strong rhaphe, but smaller in size, and often single. 
Figs. 19 and 20, Vitis cordifolia ; seeds also similar to the last two, but rhaphe not quite so prominent, mostly 
single or in twos, rarely more in a berry; fig. 19 comes from a larger berry, with more seeds, io near St. Louis ; 
fig. 20 i is a single seed, from the District of Coliigihia: 
g. 21, Vitis palmata ; seed large, almost globose, with a very short beak, a narrow chalaza, no rhaphe visible, _ 
top slightly depressed. 
Figs. 22 to 25, Vitis riparia ; seeds similar to the last, but smaller, though quite variable in size. The seeds all 
come from wild plants :; figs. 22 and 23, from Goat Island on the Niagara Falls ; fig. 22, a single broad seed; fig. 23, from 
a three-seeded berry ; fig. 24, from a two-seeded berry from the shores of Lake Champlain, in Vermont ; fig. 25, seed of 
the June grape from the banks of the Mississippi below St. Louis. The seeds are obtuse, or very slightly depressed on 
top, chalaza rather flat, elongated and gradually lost in a groove which encloses the scarcely prominent rhaphe. 
Figs. 26 and 27, Vitis rupestris ; fig. 26, from a two-seeded berry from Texas, and fig. 27, from a four-seeded one 
from Missouri. The top of the seed is obtuse, not notched, and the rhaphe very inconspicuous in the Texan seed, or 
invisible in that from Missouri. 
igs. 28 to 32, Vitis vinifera, from the Old World, Different forms are introduced here for comparison with the 
American species, and to show how much they differ among themselves. Fig. 28 represents a seed out of a lot of 
grapes (or raisins) found with an Ezyptian mummy, and probably now 3,000 years old, or older. The specimens are 
preserved in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The berry obligingly donated to me was as large as the larger European 
cultivated grapes, and enclosed three seeds. It will be seen that it is the ere of the Vinifera seeds figured here, _ 
showing perhaps a slight modification of the seed in the ages that intervened between its and our times. 
Fig. 29, Brusca, the native species of Tuscany (Northern Italy), fig. 30, Riesling, cultivated on the banks of the 
Rhine ; fig. 31, Gutedel (Chasselas), from the same region ; fig. 32, Black Hamburg, from a grapery near London. All 
these seeds are easily distinguished from all American grape seeds, by the narrower and usually longer beak 
(or lower part), and especially by the large circular, though not very prominent, chalaza, which occupies the at (8)] 
upper, and not the middle part of the seed. These five specimen seeds represent the principal forms, but not 
European grape seeds entirely agree with them. 
Fig. 33, Vitis vulpina (or rotundifolia), from the South Carolina Muscadine grape, different from all other 
grape seeds, just as the plant differs from all the other grape-vines ; seed very flat, with straight sides, very short 
wrinkled, or rather folded on both surfaces, notched on top, with very narrow chalaza and no visible 
rhaphe. 
