420 THE TRUE GRAPE-VINES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
The North American grape-vines may be systematically arranged in the following order : — 
I e grape-vines, with loose, shreddy bark, climbing by the aid of forked tendrils, or sometimes (in No. 12) almost 
without tendrils. 
A. Grape-vines with more or less continuous tendrils. 
Vitis Lasrusca, Linn., the northern Fox-grape, the mother of a great many cultivated varieties and hybrids. 
~ 
B. Grape-vines with intermittent tendrils. 
a. Leaves pubescent or floccose, especially on the under side and when young, often becoming glabrous with age. 
* Rhaphe on seed indistinct. 
VITIS CANDICANS, Engelm. The Mustang grape of Texas. 
Vitis Canipza, DC. The West India grape ; rare in Florida. 
Vitis Catirornica, Benth. The California grape. 
Vitis MonTIcoLa, Buck. The Mountain grape of West Texas. 
VITIS Asana. roi. The Arizona grape. 
f° > 
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* * Rhaphe on back of seed very conspicuous, 
- 
VITIS HSTIVALIS, Michxz. Summer grape of the Middle and Southern States, with several varieties. 
VITIS CINEREA, Eagelm. The Downy grape of the Mississippi Valley. 
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b. Leaves glabrous, or sometimes short-hairy, especially the ribs beneath ; mostly shining. 
* Rhaphe on back of seed conspicuous. 
ad 
VITIS CoRDIFOLIA, Michx. Frost grape of the Middle and Southern States, 
* * Rhaphe indistinct. 
10. Vitis PALMATA, Vahl. Red grape of the Mississippi Valley. 
11. Viris RrpArIA, Michx. Riverside grape of the United States and Can 
12. Vitis RuPEsTRIs, Scheele. Rock or sand grape of the Western Mississippi Valley and Texa 
Vitis VINIFERA, Linn., the Wine-grape of the Old World and California, would find its a place here. 
II. Muscadine grape, with (on the younger branches) firmly adhering a which only in the older stems scales off ; 
aerial roots from inclined trunks in damp localities ; tendrils intermittent, simple ; berries very large (7-10 lines pened very 
few in a bunch, easily detaching themselves at maturity ; seeds with transverse ie or shallow grooves on both si 
13. VITIs vULPINA, Linn. (ROTUNDIFOLIA, Mich.), The southern Fox- -grape or Muscadine. 
Rafinesque, Le Conte, and others, have in times gone by attempted to distinguish and characterize a good many 
more species, while on the other hand, Director Regel, of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, has lately tried, rather 
unnaturally, to contract them and unite them with Old World species. Vitis vinifera has resulted, according to his 
I now propose to give a short botanical account of the 13 species enumerated above, leaving to the author of this 
treatise the task to add the important practical remarks which the subject calls for. 
1. Vitis Lasrusca, Linn. Usually not large; climbing over bushes or small trees, occasionally reaching the 
tops of the highest trees ; distinguished from all the other species, as has been stated above, by its continuous tendrils 
and consequently by its continuous (2 to often 4 or 6) clusters of flowers and fruit; stipules middle-sized, about 
2 lines long, or less ; leaves large (4 to 6 inches wide), thick, of firm texture, entire or in some forms deeply lobed, 
very slightly dentate, coated when young with a thick rusty, or sometimes whitish down, which in the wild plant 
persists on the under side, but almost disappears in the mature leaf of some cultivated varieties ; berries large in 
middle-sized, or, in many cultivated forms, rather large bunches, bearing 2 or 3 or even 4 seeds, large, notched, wiih 
out visible thaphe. (See table of seeds, page 13, figs. 1 and 2 
is species, usually known as the Fox-grape, or Nosthets Fox-grape, is a native of the Alleghany Mountains, 
and of their eastern slope to the sea-coast, from New England to South Carolina, where it prefers wet thickets or 
granitic soil. Here and there it descends along streams to the western slope of the mountains, but is a stranger to 
Mississippi Valley proper. 
As the L generally grows on granitic soil or granitic detritus, which may favor the vine, I would suggest 
to plant Catawba vineyards in the granitic regions of our Ozark Mountains, and would expect favorable results there. 
By far the largest number of varieties of grape-vines now ne ee in our country are the offspring of this 
PRG a few produced by nurserymen, but most of them picked up in the woods ; they are easily recognized by the 
above given, and most readily by the peculiar arrangements of the tendrils as above described. Large 
pete downy-leaved varieties of V. estivalis are, in the West and South-west, not rarely mistaken for Labrusca, 
but the two may always be distinguished by the characters indicated. [15 (9) ] 
