THE TRUE GRAPE-VINES OF THE UNITED STATES. 42] 
It is also the species which has most generally been used as one of the parents (mostly the mother) in artificial 
hybridization, and as it is the most individualized or specialized of all our (perhaps of a// known) grape-vines, its 
characters unmistakably prevail in the hybrids, and rarely leave a doubt as to where to refer the questionable form ; 
of which I shall have to add a few words below, under the head of Hybrids. 
2. VITIS cANDICANS, Engelm. (V. mu. sae Buckley.) The mustang grape of Texas; a tall climber, with 
rather large, rounded, alinost toothless anaes me tony on is under side, Rediciong large berries, which, like those 
made into wine. In young shoots and sprouts the leaves are usually deeply and elegantly many-lobed, which, with 
the contrast of the deep green upper and pure white nave surface, would make this species a most elegant vine for 
ie if it could be protected from severe frost. This may be done by laying it down and covering it with soil. In 
it grows in the lower country, as well as on the ee ei hills, and extends even into the sie region. It 
aa as been found in Florida, where many Texas plants are again met with. The Florida form, at one time taken 
for Vitis Caribea, but quite distinct from it, has shorter and comparatively thicker seeds. (Fig. 8.) 
3. Vitis Carrpma, DC., is a West Indian species which has lately found its way, with other tropical plants, into 
Southern Florida. It has a downy, cordate leaf, not lobed, but characterized by the small but very sharp, distant 
teeth. Its black berries are small and mostly bear but one or two seeds. I find the Florida seeds (fig. 9) which were 
kindly sent to me by Mr. A. H. Curtiss, the discoverer, larger than those of the West Indian type. 
4, Vitis Catirornica, Benth. The only wild grape of our Pacific coast; alow bush a foot or two high, in 
dry beds of streams in Southern Oregon; it becomes a tall climber in Southern California, with a stem 3 inches or 
more in diameter; it is distinguished by its cordate, rounded, whitish, downy leaves, and small black berries in large 
bunches ; the obtuse but scarcely notched seeds (figs. 10 and 11), without or with only a trace of a rhaphe, and with a 
narrow, long chalaza. No use is made of this species, but it has lately been recommended as a grafting stock for 
European vines in California vineyards which have been attacked by the phylloxera. For even this grape-vine, which 
is a native of a country originally entirely free from the insect, is as proof against it as any of our Mississippi 
Valley vines. 
5. Vitis MonticoLa, Buck. Usually a small, bushy vine, rarely climbing over higher trees ; branchlets angled ; 
young stems, petioles, and leaves cottony, downy, the down gradually ekg remaining only here and there in 
floccose bunches; stipules very short ($line long); leaves Beit cordate, with a rounded sinus, very shortly 3-lobed, 
edged with small but broad teeth, rather wrinkled on the upper surface, but the as ones sae / smooth = <3 
conspicuously shining below (especially in the dry apeclmens): usually small, not more than 3 i across, on 
vigorous shoots 3 or 4 inches wide; tendrils intermittent, in the smaller, bushy forms, often sidan away ; ake 
of fruit, compact, short ; berries 4, or rarely 5 lines in diameter; seeds obtuse or slightly notched, chalaza rather 
narrow, extendi ng upward into a broad groove, but without a visible rhaphe. 
is one of the smaller species, and is peculiar to the hilly, cretaceous region of Western Texas, not extending 
to the lower country nor to the granitic mountains ; common about San Antonio, New Braunfels, Austin, etc.; also 
occasionally cultivated about San Antonio, when the bunches, as well as the berries, become larger. This plant has 
en rise toa great deal of speculation and controversy. About fifty years ago, the Swiss botanist, Berlandier, col- 
lected it in West Texas,® but it was not till twenty-five or thirty years later that Prof. Buckley named and published 
it. Unfortunately his description was so insufficient that no botanist could recognize the plant; only the Texans of 
those regions, who well knew “the little mountain grape,” understood what he meant. Buckley’s mention of a 
middle-sized, green, very palatable berry has misled French jeunies to look for this plant among the numerous 
forms of Labrusca, and Prof. Planchon therefore changed the name to Vitis Berlandieri. In justification of Buckley's 
description it is now said that there exists a form of this species, especially about Fredericksburg and on the borders of 
the Llano Estacado, with somewhat larger, green berries, which I understand Mr. J. Meusebach is trying to 
find = and to introduce into cultivation. The species will readily grow from cuttings. [16 (10)] 
. ViTis Arizontca, Engelm. is closely related to the last, and has similar seeds, but the flat thaphe, 
a rarely prominent, is broad and sometimes inconspicuous; branchlets angular; leaves cordate, with a rather 
open, rounded sinus, not lobed, or with 2 short, latent lobes; floccose, cottony when young; glabrous, thick, very 
rigid, and (especially on the upper surface) rough, when older; berries small or middle-sized, reported to be of 
luscious taste. 
7. Vitis mstivatis, Michz. Climbing over bushes and small trees by the aid of forked, intermittent tendrils ; 
branchlets rounded, bark of the mature ones mostly red, and scaling off in large flakes ; leaves large (4-5 or 6 inches 
his specimens I found the first phylloxera galls, which, thus accidentally preserved, prove the existence of the 
insect in America (doubted, however, by no one now) long before it became known to science here or in the Old World, and 
also prove its existence as far south as Texas. 
