430 ON DISEASES OF THE GRAPE. 
not far above the mouth of the Missouri River, where it is found with V. riparia, flowering later than any other of our 
species here, in this very late season apparently not before the 15th or 20th of June ; it matures in October, and the 
berries remain on the vine till November and later; their taste is sweet, without any disagreeable admixture. The 
plant, like V. riparia, grows readily from cuttings. a 
e species resembles V. riparia in the broad sinus of the leaves and the form of the seeds, but it is distinguished 
by the deep red color of the stems, which are angular when young, not terete, the thick diaphragms, the very small 
stipules, the dull, dusky color of the leaves and the form of their lobes, the bloomless berries, the large seed, and the 
late flowering period. With V. cordifolia it has very little in common, except the thick diaphragm and the bloomless 
berries. The absence of a prominent rhaphe on the seeds distinguishes it at once, and no other species could possibly 
be confounded with it. 
VI. ON DISEASES OF THE GRAPE* 
From THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE St. Louris AcADEMY OF ScIENCE (ProcEEpINGs), Vou. II. 1861. 
Dr. ENGELMANN exhibited specimens and numerous drawings of two species of fungi, which infest our vine- [165] 
yards to such an extent as to materially diminish the crop and influence the culture of the grape, at least that 
of the Catawba, in our region. The first isa species of Botrytis, and perhaps the same as Berkeley’s B. viticola (very 
near B. acinorwm, Pers. ?). It makes its appearance in the latter part of June, on the lower downy surface of the 
leaves of the Catawba variety of Vitis Labrusca (the only one extensively cultivated here), forming irregular con- 
fluent spots. The horizontal fibres of the mycelium have a diameter of 0.005 line, finer and whiter than the hair of 
the down with which they are interwoven; the erect fructiferous stems, about 0.3-0.4 line high, and a little thicker 
than the horizontal fibres, bear numerous horizontal branches, upwards gradually shorter, the last divisions of which 
form very short pedicels, always 2 or 3 together, bearing oblong or oval, very deciduous pores, 0.008-0.011 line 
in the longer diameter. About the same time the mildew appears on the pedicels, and often #8 on the young berries 
when they are of the size of small peas or smaller; Dr. E. never saw it on full-grown berries. Those attached on their 
surface or on their pedicels soon fall off ; but the most material damage is done by the mildew infesting the leaves, 
whereupon the greater part of the berries will gradually turn yellowish-brown at their base, shrivel from that point, 
assume a oT shape, and at last dry up entirely, usually remaining adherent to the withered racemes. This he 
designated as t. 
The aaa kind of rot, the Black Rot, is brought on by a very different fungus, which he believed was undeseribed 
by botanists. It evidently belonged near Ehrenberg’ s genus Nemaspora, and ought to bear the name ampelicida. It 
makes its appearance only on nearly full-grown berries, exhibiting in the first stage a discolored spot on the side, but 
never at the base of the berry, about 2 lines in diameter, with a dark dot in the centre. This spot soon becomes 
light-brown and remains so, while the surrounding part of the berry gets darker, and exhibits a rough or (under a 
magnifier) pustulous surface ; gradually now, the berry shrivels up and turns black. The individual fungi are little 
spherical bodies (0.07-0.10 line in diameter), formed under the surface in large numbers, which growing, elevate, 
and at last burst the epidermis, then open at their apex by a small jagged hole, and shrivelling with the berry, eject 
a more or less curled or twisted thread, which, moistened, becomes gelatinous, and shows the innumerable oval 
sporules (0.004-0.005 line long), each imbedded in its coat of mucilage. 
These kinds of fungi are found either on distinct vines, or sometimes also on the same ; they are very 
rarely seen on grapes cultivated in yards and on houses, but are very common, not to say universal, in our [166] 
gardens and vineyards, in some seasons more so than in others. It is said that vineyards farther north, e. g-, 
in Northern Illinois, are free from these ‘ 
Whether other diseases assist in the destruction of the grape, as wine-growers will have it, he cannot, from his 
own experience determine. He has never seen the Erysiphe, which is so destructive to the gooseberry, and to vines in 
graperies, on grapes cultivated in the open ground. 
* This communication is quoted verbatim by Hon. Isidor Bush, in Proc. Amer. Pomolog. Soc., Session of 1879, pp. 17- 
19, pace Eps. 
