FROM MISSOURI TO SANTA FE AND NORTHERN MEXICO. 41 
northeastern Mexico, Pinus osteosperma® (specimens of which were sent to me by Dr. pice [89 (5) ] 
as collected on the battlefield of Buena Vista), and to the nut pine of California, P. » 
phylla, Torr. and Frem., — these three species being the western representatives of Fin inus us Pe inea and 
Cembra of the eastern continent. 
The second species, Pinus brachyptera’ is the most common pine of New Mexico, and the 
most useful for timber. A third species, Pinus flevilis, James, was overlooked by Dr. Wislizenus, 
but has been collected in fine specimens, by Mr. Fendler, about Santa Fé. Its leaves in fives and 
pendulous cylindrical squarrose cones assimilate it to Pinus Strobus; but the seed is large and edible, 
as Dr. James has already remarked, and the leaves are not serrulate and much stouter. The 
Pijiones, so much eaten in Santa Fé, appear principally to be the product of Pinus edulis. I shall 
have occasion to speak of three other pines when I come to the flora of the mountains of Chihuahua. 
Linum perenne makes its first appearance here, and continues to Santa Fé, as well as the justly 
so-called Lathyrus ornatus. Several species of Potentilla, Hnothera, Artemisia, and Pentstemon, were 
collected in this district. 
Among the most remarkable plants met with were the Cactacew. After having observed on the 
Arkansas, and northeast of it, nothing but an Opuntia, which probably is not different from O. vul- 
garis, Dr. W. came at once, as soon as the mountain region and the pine woods commenced, on 
several beautiful and interesting members of this curious family, an evidence that he approached the 
favorite home of the cactus tribe, Mexico. 
On Waggon-mound the first (flowerless) specimens of a strange Opuntia were found, 
with an erect, ligneous stem, and cylindrical, horridly spinous, horizontal branches. The [90 (6) ] 
plant was here only 5 feet high, but grows about Santa Fé to the height of 8 or 10 feet, and 
continues to be found as far as Chihuahua and Parras. In the latter more favorable climate it grows 
to be a tree of 20 or 30, and perhaps even 40 feet high, as Dr. W. informs me, and offers a most 
beautiful aspect when covered with its large red flowers. It is evidently the plant which Torrey 
and James doubtfully, though incorrectly, refer to Cactus Bleo, HBK. It is nearly allied to 
Opuntia furiosa, Willd., but well distinguished from it; and as it appears to be undescribed, I 
can give it no more appropriate name than 0. arborescens,> the Tree Cactus, or Foconoztle, as called 
8 PINUS OSTEOSPERMA, N. sp.: squamis turionum elongato-acuminatis, fimbriatis, squarrosis ; laciniis vaginarum 
abbreviatarum circinato-revolutis, demum deciduis; foliis ternis binisve brevibus, tenuioribus, rectiusculis, margine 
levibus, utrumque tenuissime striatis, supra glaucis, subtus virescentibus; strobilis sessilibus, erectis, subglobosis, 
inermibus; seminibus obovatis, apteris, magnis, testa dura. 
Mountain borders, near Buena Vista, and about Saltillo. A small tree, 10 to 20 feet high; leaves in threes, more 
rarely in twos, 1 to 2 inches long, much more slender than in the foregoing species; nut of the same size, but much 
harder. Pinus monophylla has broadly ovate, obtuse, adpressed scales of the young shoots and mostly single, terete 
— cone and seeds are similar to both others. 
4 PINUS BRACHYPTERA, Nn. sp.: squamis turionum Jonge acuminatis, fimbriatis, squarrosis, subpersistentibus ; 
vaginis elongatis adpressis ; foliis ternis (raro binis s. quaternis) utrumque viridibus et aspero striatis ; strobilis erectis, 
ovatis s. elongato conicis, squamis recurvo aculeatis; seminibus obovatis breviter alatis. 
Mountains of New Mexico, common. A large and fine tree, often 80 to 100 feet high, 2 and even 3 feet in 
diameter ; sheaths 6 lines long, mostly black; leaves generally in threes, rough, 3} to 6 inches long, in the specimens 
before me, crowded towards the end of the branches ; cones 2} to 3§ inches long; seed larger than the wing, without 
this 3 to 4 lines long and 2 wide. 
5 OPUNTIA ARBORESCENS, n. sp.: caule ligneo erecto, ramis horizontalibus, ramulis cylindricis, tuberculatis, 
aculeatissimis ; areolis oblongis, brevissime tomentosis, aculeos 12-30 corneos stramineo-vaginatos teretes undique 
porrectos gerentibus ; ramulis versus apicem floriferis ; ovario tuberculato, tuberculis sub-20 apice sepala subulata et 
areolas tomentosas cum setis paucis albidis gerentibus; sepalis interioribus 10-13 obovatis; petalis obovatis, obtusis s. 
is ; stigmatibus sub-8 patulis ; bacca flava, sicca, ovato-globosa, tuberculata, profunde umbilicata. 
Mountains of New Mexico to Chihuahua, Parras, and Saltillo ; flowers in May and June ; fruit, at least about 
Santa Fé, ripening the second year (Fendler); in the north 5 to 10, south 20 and more feet high, 5 to 10 inches in 
diameter, last branches 2 to 4 inches long; spines of the oe on Waggon-mound 20 to 30 in each bunch ; further 
