FROM MISSOURI TO SANTA FE AND NORTHERN MEXICO, 51 
australis, from which it differs by its short cones, which have on each scale a mammillary recurved 
tubercle, and by having the leaves not only in threes, but also in fours and even in fives. It ma 
be near P. occidentalis of the interior of Mexico, but that has regularly five leaves in each sheath. 
Pinus Chihuahuana,* is the common pine of Cosihuiriachi and the mountains of Chihuahua, in 
general at an elevation of about 7,000 feet. It grows only 30 to 50 feet high, and resembles some- 
what P. variabilis, though sufficiently distinct. Dr. Wislizenus was unable to obtain specimens of a 
fourth pine, which is said to grow on the still higher mountains to the west, near Jesus-Maria, 
bearing cones 15 or 18 inches: in length, 
On the highest peaks in this region a species of Arbutus was found, which the inhabitants call 
Matronia. It is a small tree, with a smooth, red bark, bearing in November and December red edible 
berries. If it is at all distinct from A. Menziesii, Pursh, of the northwest coast, which 
it closely resembles, it ought, from the color of its bark, to bear the name of A. sanguinea. [104 (20)] 
These, together with a low scrubby oak tree, with small perennial leaves, were the only 
trees collected about Cosihuiriachi. A species of Juniperus with red berries, a Thuja, and a small- 
leaved Cowania (?)?" all of them in fruit, were also brought from there. 
Between Chihuahua and Cosihuiriachi, but especially about the latter place, the porphyritic soil 
produced a number of Cactacee, some strange Echinocacti, several Mamillaria, a few Opuntia, and 
principally a great variety of Zchinocerei. One of the latter is completely covered with stout 
and long spines ;* another has short radiating spines, closely adpressed to the plant;® a third 
has short radiating spines, with single stout, black central ones, which project from the plant 
in all directions ;® a fourth is distinguished by its longer and curved reddish radiating spines, 
margine carinaque serrulatis, utruamque aspero-striatis, subglaucis ; strobilis ovato conicis ; squamis tuberculo conico, 
apice spinifero, recurvo instructis ; seminibus parvis, alatis. 
Common on the higher mountains of Cosihuiriachi ; 70 to 80 feet high; sheaths 15 to 20 lines long; leaves 
13 to 15 inches long in the specimens before me, in fours as well as in threes, rarely in fives ; cone 44 inches long. 
ws near P. australis, Mich,, but well distinguished by the characters en 
% Pinus nda, 1, sp.: squamis turionum acuminatis, adpressis; vaginis adpressis, elongatis, eo 
deciduis ; foliis ternis Goce quaternis) supra glaucis, subtus virescentibus, leviter striatis, margine tenuissime 
strobilis ovatis, abbre reviatis 5 squamis transverse ovatis, inermibus. 
The common pine of the mountains of Chihuahua, at an elevation of about 7,000 feet. A tree of only 30 to 
50 feet in height ; leaves 2 eager serrulate on the margin, but with nearly smooth striae ; cone in the 
specimen before me 1} inch long. 
* Cowant, sp.? Shrubby; leaves crowded, small, cuneate, three-toothed at apex, revolute, tomentose below; 
glabrous and glandular above, sweet-scented ; turbinate tube of calyx, as well as the oblong lobes, 1 line long; 
25 stamens, persistent ; about 5 woolly ovaries. — Compare below, note 51. 
8 ECHINOCEREUS POLYACANTHUS, N. sp.: vatus, 10-costatus ; areolis clevatis, ovatis, subapproximatis, 
janioribus albido-tomentosis; aculeis radialibus 10-12 cm apice adustis, plus minus porrectis; Jateralibus 
majoribus, demum subadpressis, superioribus minoribus; centralibus sub-4 corneis, apice fuscis, 3 superioribus sursum 
Cosihuiriachi. — Several oval stems, 4 to 5 inches high and 24 to 3 in diameter, from one base ; upper radial 
spines 4 to 5, lateral and inferior 8 to 10, upper central 9 to 12, lower one 15 to 20 lines long; spines at last 
ashy-gray. 
*” EcHINOCEREUS ADUSTUS, n. sp.: ovatus, 13-15-costatus ; areolis elevatis, lanceolatis, approximatis, juniori- 
bus albo-tomentosis ; aculeis ie 16-18 adpressis, ae apice adustis; 4-5 superioribus brevibus, setaceis, 
infeciocianque longioribus, robustioribus, centrali nullo. 
Cosihuiriachi.— Plant 14 to 4 inches high, 1 to 2 in diameter ; upper spines 1, lower about 2, and lateral 
4to5 lines long. 
® ECHINOCEREUS RAD n. sp.: ovatus 13-14-costatus, areolis elevatis, ovatis, subapproximatis, junioribus 
albo-villosis; acnleis radialibus 16-20 adpressis, junioribus apice adustis, superioribus brevibus setaceis, lateralibus 
inferioribusque longioribus robustioribus ; centrali singulo porrecto, robusto, fusco. 
Cosihuiriachi.— 2} inches high, 2 in diameter ; upper radial spines 1 to 2, lower 3, lateral about 5 lines long ; 
central spines brown or black, much stouter, 1 inch long. 
