80 SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES 
This species has given cause to a good deal of discussion in regard to the presence or absence of scales ; but though 
I have examined a number of specimens said to have no scales, among others the original var, nefrens of Sweden, I 
have never failed to discover that organ, though sometimes in a very defective state ; I, therefore, cannot doubt that it 
is always present, but frequently so small a especially so very thin as to escape detection. In dry — soaked 
or boiled, it adheres to the tube of the corolla so closely that it is scarcely possible to see or to separate 
but it is readily discovered and detached in the dry flower, if not too much mashed in pressing. The sat [469 (19) ] 
rarely rounded, oftener truncate, and toothed at the apex, most commonly bifid, and fimbriate or toothed, 
or consisting of two distinct lateral dentate or entire, often extremely small, lobes. 
The capsule is commonly depressed, but a form with an elevated conic capsule, var. conocarpa, is not rare. Both 
often grow together, and cannot be distinguished otherwise. 
Var. Indica has more crowded, smaller flowers, and perhaps a little longer styles. A specimen from Sarepta on 
Alhagi Camelorum, in the Herbarium of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, has still smaller flowers, but shows no 
other, to me, appreciable difference. 
Var. Vicie has often a more solid texture of the flower and fruit; which last does not open before full maturity, 
and may thus in herbaria sometimes seem to be indehiscent, while usually the capsules of dried specimens readily 
open long before they are quite ripe. A specimen from Hayti has larger flowers, fruit, and seed than any other I 
have seen. 
C. Europea inhabits the greater part of Europe and the mountains of Asia to the Himalaya. I have seen no 
specimens from Africa, or from Spain south of the Pyrenees, from Sicily or Greece. In Italy it grows near Rome! and 
Naples! also in Asia Minor! on the Caucasus! in Persia! Affghanistan! Thibet! and on the Himalaya! in general. 
Once only it seems to have been seen in America; Poiteau! in Herb. Neufchatel, gathered it on Vicia in Hayti, where 
it no doubt was introduced from Europe. 
The following formidable list of synonyms shows how much this species = exercised botanists : — 
major, Bauh. Pin. 219; DC. Fl. Fr. III. 644; DC.! Prod. IX. 452. C. filiformis, a, ais “FL Fr. IT. 307. 
C. iiaeioubi, Meench Meth. 461. C. vulgaris, Pers, Syn. I. 289. C. tubulosa, Presl! Del. 215. C. oo Thuil. 
Fl. Par. 85, not L. (€. Epicnidea, Bernhardi Thur. Gartz. 1844, nro. 4. C. halophyta, Fries! N. Mant.I.8. C. ha 
phila! Sum. Veg. 1.191. C. monogyna, Schmidt, Fl. Bohem. and in some herbaria, not Vahl. C. Ligustri, Areschoug, 
Revis. Cusc. Suec. p. 17. C. tetrasperma, Jan! in sched. C. hyalina, Boiss.! in sched., not Roth. — C. Seyetum, Rota 
in Giorn. Bot. Ital. LI. 247, and C. Viciw, Schultz, ap. DesM. are overgrown and often very destructive forms on fields 
of Vicia, Medicago, etc. — C. Epitriphyllum, Bernh. 1. c. 1844, nro. 4; C. Schkuhriana, Pfeiff. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 678 ; 
C. Europea, var. nefrens Fries! Sum. Veg. I. 191, and var. vacua Gren. and God. F1. Fr. 11. 504, are names given to 
a supposed form without scales. — Var. Pontica, C. Koch in Linnea XIX. 19, I have not seen. C. brachy- 
styla, C. Koch! in L. XXII. 747, isa form with often patulous lacinie and with conic capsule. C. capillaris, [470 (20)] 
Edgeworth! Linn. Transact. XX. 68, is a more densely glomerate form from the Himalaya, with short 
lacinie and very short bifid scales. 
8. C. Kurpica, n. sp.: caulibus i: Sean snp parvis paucifloris bractea ovata acuminata suffultis ; 
floribus arcte sessilibus ete 4-meris ; calycis ad basin divisi lobis ovato-lanceolatis acutis crassiusculis 
tubum corolle superan ; laciniis haiedicinelasie erectis seu conniventibus (demum capsule arcte cincte 
adpressis) tubo fere longo staminibus quam lacinize multo brevioribus, antheris parvis subrotundis apiculatis 
filamento vix brevioribus ; squamis basi tubi affixis parvis hyalinis tenuissimis truncatis ; stylis ovario paulo, capsula 
depressa multo Mebioriiens 
On the Gara Mountain, Kurdistan, Kotschy! Pl, Al. Kurd. 388, b. under the name of C. minor, fide Choisy and 
C. alpina, Hohenacker, in sched.; Kurdistan, J. Brant! in Hb. Hooker. — In texture and habit resembling C. Huropea, 
but scales even yet thinner; flowers fewer, more closely sessile ; lobes of calyx and corolla acute; corolla on the fruit 
globose, closely investing the whole capsule ; styles very short and slender, not as much Aipicdtenks as in the allied 
species. — Flowers 1 line long ; seeds large in proportion, 0.5-0.6 lines long. 
ERsICA, Decaisne in Hb. Mus. Par.: caule filiformi; floribus sessilibus arcte glomeratis bractea ovata 
seu orbiculata suffultis ; ; ealycis campanulati lobis ovatis acutis corolle tubum superantibus ; laciniis tubo vix 
longioribus ovatis abrupte acuminatis spe papillosis, erectis demum patulis ; staminibus brevibus ; squamis spatu- 
latis laciniato-fimbriatis faucem squantibus incurvis ; stylis brevibus subulatis vix ad medium stigmatosis in capsula 
tenuissima depressa corolla investita suberectis. 
, Persia, Aucher-Eloy! Herbier @’Orient in Hb. Mus. Paris, without number, apparently on some 
species of Laiabii — A very distinct species, of which a single specimen only has come under my observation. The 
tough corolla totally invests and, as it would seem, si upports the extremely thin capsule, just as in C. capitata, to which 
it is also allied by the subulate styles; scales larger than in any allied form, their fringes covering the top of the 
capsule. — Flowers 1} lines long; seeds } line long, strongly reticulate. 
