i ao SYNOPSIS OF THE CACTACEZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Subvar. a. RADIOSA BOREALIS: subglobosa ; aculeis radialibus albidis 12-20, centralibus 3-6 purpureo-macu- 
latis; floribus minoribus. — 6d. osA NEOo-MEXICANA: ovata; aculeis radialibus albidis 20-36, centralibus 3-12 
supra purpurascentibus phsutaies ne majoribis. —c. RADIOSA TEXANA: ovato-cylindrica ; aculeis radialibus 
albidis 20-30, centralibus 4-5 flavis s, fulvis ; floribus seminibusque magnis. M. radiosa, E.in Plant. Lindh. 2, 1850. 
In the Western plains and on the Rocky Mountains: var. a. on the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone rivers ; 
B. a. in northern New Mexico; 8. b. from western Texas to New Mexico and Sonora; 8. c. in Texas, west of New 
Braunfels. — The extreme forms are certainly very unlike one another, but the transitions are so gradual that I cannot 
draw strict limits between them. Even the proliferous gee of the original M. vivipara is not constant, and I have 
seen many simple specimens from the Upper Missouri. The simple ones seem to flower better than the proliferous 
ones, which are often sterile. — Plants from 1 to 5 inches hich, 13-2 inches in diameter ; tubercles 4-6 lines long ; 
spines always rigid, 3-10 lines long. Flowers different in size, 1-92 inches in Shawls, beautifully purple, with 
numerous narrowly lanceolate acuminate petals. Seeds }-1 line long. 
29. M. macromertis, E. in Wisliz. Rep. (M. dactylothele, Lab.): simplex s. e basi ramosa, ovata; [270] 
tuberculis magnis patulis, laxis, tenuiter ultra medium sulcatis ; aculeis tenuibus elongatis rectis s. paullo cur- 
vatis exterioribus 10-17 albidis, centralibus sub-4 longioribus robustioribus subangulatis, fuscis s. nigricantibus ; 
floribus ex areolis supra-axillaribus in tuberculo ipso oriundis magnis; bacca subglobosa viridi ; seminibus parvis 
levibus fuscis. 
In the valley of the Rio Grande, from southern New Mexico to the middle course of the river near Presidio, and 
even lower down: flowers July and August.— A most remarkable species in many respects, and forming a transition to 
Echinocactus, though the mamillate form is so very striking. Plant 2-4 inches high ; tubercles variable, 6-8 or 10-12 
and even 15 lines long. Radial spines }-1} inches long ; central ones often 14-21 inches in length. Axils always 
naked. Flower springing from the lower end of the groove, which runs down about two thirds of the tubercle, 23-3 
inches in diameter, sipohenaes or purple; not rarely with a few sepaloid scales on the ovary (and fruit). Seeds thick, 
but only 0.6-0.8 line lon 
n. 3. ANHALONIUM. (Gen. Anhalonium, Lem. Ariocarpus, Scheidw.) Flores e basi tuberculorum 
hornotinorum triangularium subinermium vel in vertice ipso oriundi : ovarium emersum. 
. M. Fissurata, E. in B.C. R.: simplex, depresso-globosa s. applanata ; tuberculis e basi applanata crassis 
extus infraque levibus, supra sulco centrali villoso lateralibusque glabris profunde quadripartitis sulcisque transversalli- 
sa superficialiter multifidis, inermibus ; floribus e villo longo sericeo centralibus roseis ; baccis ovatis virescentibus in 
a densa occultis; seminibus nigris tuberculatis. 
On the limestone hills, near the junction of the Pecos with the Rio Grande: flowers October. Heads 2-4} inches 
in diameter; tubercles 6-10 lines long and a little less broad ; central longitudinal groove in the very young ones 
bearing dense silky wool over } inch long, which by age becomes dirty and matted, and finally disappears entirely in 
the very old ones. The lower sit of the groove, which only extends down as far as the rough or verrucose part of the 
tubercle goes (about two thirds downward), bears the flower and fruit, very much like the floriferous areola of the last- 
mentioned species. Flower about 1 inch long and wide. Seed very roughly tuberculated, different from that of any 
other Mamillaria examined by me, but quite similar to that of other Anhalonia. 
II. ECHINOCACTUS, Link. & Otto. [271] 
Ovarium emersum baccaque sepalis stipata. Semina sepe albuminosa. Cotyledones plus minus foliacew 
plerumque hamatz. — Plantz subglobose, costatz ; inflorescentia verticali. 
§ 1. Hamart, Salm. 
E. Scueertt, Salm: globosus s. ovatus ; costis 13 obtusis interruptis ; tuberculis supra ad medium sulcatis ; 
aculeis radialibus 15-18 setaceis, centralibus 3-4 angulatis variegatis, superioribus rectis longioribus sursum 
divaricatis, inferiore robustiore seal tuine hamato ; floribus minoribus flavo-virescentibus ; bacca virescente ; seminibus 
seis. 
About Eagle Pass, on the Rio Grande : flowers August to October. — A most elegant little species, 15-2 inches 
high ; larger spines black and white variegated ; radial ones 3-6, central ones 6~12 lines long; floriferous areola 
united by a groove of 1-2} lines in length with the spines, resembling the groove of the Coryphanthe, especially of 
Mamillaria macromeris. Green flower 1 inch long, much less in Wintiietee 
2. E. BREvI-HAmatus, E. in B. C. R.: obovato-globosus ; costis 13 compressis obtusis interruptis ; tuberculis 
supra usque ad basin sulcatis; aculeis radialibus 12 teretibus albidis, centralibus 4 complanatis, lateralibus rectis 
sursum versis paullo longioribus, summo debiliore et infimo robustiore deorsum hamato brevioribus ; floribus minori- 
bus roseis. 
