ABOUT THE OAKS OF THE UNITED STATES. 395 
nisont, Torrey) ; y. Jamesit, Torrey’s original at nares in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2, t. 4, the original figure pata 
with slight alterations in Nuttall’s N. Am. Sylv. 1, t. 3; 8. Wrightii, often ani sce with Q. Emoryi, and appar- 
ently one of the forms comprised by Liebmann in + 5 pungens. . oblongifolia, Torr., and Q. grisea, Li sg seem to 
be forms with more or less entire leaves : or the latter may perhaps have to be referred to the Mexican Q. sicremhalia, 
6. Q. pumosa, Nutt., N. Am. Sylva, 1, p.'7; Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 207. Q. acutidens, Torr. ib. tab. 51, 
is a larger form of the same. ne sro eve , DC. Prod. 16, 2, p. 36, seems to belong here either entirely or 
at least in part. A shrub of the southern part of California, often very eH sometimes with slender and erect 
branches ; leaves oval, obtuse, often cordate or obtuse at base, spinous-dentate o sometimes entire, dark green above, 
hoary tomentose or pubescent below, from } to ? or sometimes 1 inch long; fruit ollie ; cup donee tuberculate, 
black, between 2 and 6 lines in diameter ; acorn large for the size of the plant, oval, or small and narrow 
7. Q. Emory, Torr, Emory Rep. 1848, p. 151, t. 9. Q. hastata, Liebm. Quite distinct from Q. undulata, var. 
Wrightit, which is bbe confounded with it; the petucchad acorns of Torrey’s figure belong to that form of undulata. 
This pretty Arizonian species was collected by Emory in 1846, and soon afterwards by Wright, and then not again 
until Dr. Rothrock, a year or two ago, bie back fine spe elinend from Lieut. ares im, eer on. The leaves 
are not roundish or oval and pale as in Wrightii, but lanceolate, cordate at base, and dark green 
acorns in all the specimens seen by me are sessile, the bright brown scales of the cup saty slightly barred [383 (12)] 
at base. 
8. Q. RETICULATA, HBK., has been found in Southern Arizona by Dr. Rothrock, in the expedition just men- 
tioned. 
9. Q. viRENS, Ait. A shrubby form is var. maritima, Chapm., Q. maritima, Willd., from which var. dentata, 
Chapm., cannot be separated ; both have shorter and often larger acorns on shorter peduncles than the species; the 
former is the larger shrub, rarely as much as 10 feet high, with usually entire lanceolate leaves ; the latter often bears 
fruit when only 1-14 feet high ; leaves sometimes dentate or sinuate-dentate, 1-2 inches long ; vigorous ground shoots 
occasionally produce broad oval, entire, or dentate leaves, 3-4 inches long and 14-23 wide. 
10. Q. cHRYSOLEPIS, Liebm., has so often been spoken of in the foregoing pee that little need be added. Its 
fructification was misunderstood enti aie Hore material brought together by Prof. W. H. Brewer for the Califor- 
nia State Survey, permitted me to clear it up. The size of the plant, of the leaves, and of the fruit, is extremely 
variable ; and even the yellow sabaabasia which has given it its name, is neither persistent, nor is it present in all 
cases. Young vigorous shoots or young trees have spiny-dentate leaves ; older trees, especially on fertile branches, 
usually entire ones. The acorns eg sometimes very large and the shallow cup extremely thick : this is the form 
orrey (Pacif. R. R. Rep. v. 365, tab. 9) has described as Q. crassipocula ; Dr. Parry sends from San Bernardino still 
larger cups, 1? inches in the outer abet Dr. Kellogy’s Q. fulvescens, in Proc. poi Ac. 1, 67 and 71, seems (from 
specimens seen in Hb. Brewer) to refer to the form with middle-sized acorns and cups of the ordinary shape, erm 
that unusual asking ; his Q. vacciniifolia, ib. 1, 96 (106 ed. 2) is a small-leaved mountain form. Of this variety 
specimens are found entirely destitute of the yellow, scurfy pubescence even in the earliest poi The sides of 
this species, usually 10 in number, are always strongly pointed ; the broad stigmas are closely sessile. The lateral 
Pegs of the ovules has been mentioned. 
1. Q. aGRtFoLta, Née, the first western oak that became known (1802), is quoted by the author as inhabiting 
* Nootka Sound” and California, oxi by mistake, as now it does not seem to be known much north of the Bay of 
San Francisco, and it extends as far south as the southern boundary of the State, but does not ascend the mountains.- 
It is a fine large almost evergreen ae but makes miserable timber and even poor firewood, The old leaves partially 
fall off in winter, so that the heads begin to look less dense toward spring; in some trees the last leaves have fallen before 
the young ones are developed, but generally they do not come off entirely before the young verdure covers the branches. 
Dr. Bolander remarks that occasionally odd-looking trees are observed which in spring retain all their it leaves with- 
out bringing forth flowers or young shoots, —a state of things which resembles the condition of Q. ch 
lepis, above alluded to ; that species, however, performs the fanetion of maturing its fruit, though - ‘at [384 (13)] 
no young leaves, while in this case there wou in spring an almost absolute winter-like stagna' 
the vegetation. It has certainly an annual fructification, but is in every respect, except in the nora = the large 
stamens (6-8 and often more), a regular black-oak. es acorn is always long pointed, whence the name Torrey gave 
it, Q. oryadenia (Sitgr. Rep. tab. 17), is not inappropria 
A southern variety of this species is shrubby, oak “austin leaves, occasionally pubescent, and with smaller but 
very abundant fruit. From the often very similar Q. Wislizeni it can, even without fruit, always be distinguished by 
the es pale upper surface of the leaves, which is usually convex, and by the absence of reticulation on it. 
2. Q. nyPotEuca, I name an Arizona oak which Torrey, in Mex. Bound. Rep. p. 207, refers to Q. confertifolia, 
BBE, a species with biscinial fructification and slightly pubescent leaves. Our plant is characterized, hesides its 
