398 ABOUT THE OAKS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
* * Maturatio biennis. 
Q. chrysolepis (vacciniifolia, Palmeri), tomentella. 
B. MELANOBALANUS 2 : Ovula abortiva (excepta Q. Emory?) supera, etc., ut in pag. 381. 
* Maturatio annua, folia persistentia. 
Q. Emoryi, agrifolia, pumila, hypoleuca. 
* * Maturatio biennis. 
t Folia decidua. 
Q. rubra, ¢ oceined, — Sonomensis, falcata, Catesbeet, ilicifolia, palustris, Georgiana, aquatica, laurifolia, nigra, 
cinerea, imbricaria, Phellos. 
i eine ‘sciiiealian 
Q. Wislizeni, myrtifolia. 
IJ. ANDROGYNE, A. DC. 
Q. densiflora. 
ADDITIONAL NOTES. 
Q. topata, Née, has heretofore been known only as a large tree with slender, even pendulous branches, deeply 
lobed or pinnatifid leaves, the lobes often retuse, notched or again lobed, pubescent below ; with large, long, conical- 
pointed (therefore longiglanda, Torrey) acorns in a deep, almost always strongly tuberculated cup. No essential vari- 
ation of this type has been noticed, unless we class a shrub-oak here, 2-6 feet high, which Prof. Brewer found on the 
mountains west of Shasta, and Mr. Lemmon near the Tuolumne River. The foliage is the same as that of lobata, 
perhaps smaller and even more deeply lobed, but the large oval acorns have their base scarcely immersed in a 
very shallow cup; cup 8-9 lines wide, 3-4 high ; acorn 12-15 lines high, sessile or (in the Tuolumne specimens) [389 (5)] 
peduncled. The form of the acorn and cup might justify me in considering this bush as a distinct species, but, 
well aware of the extreme variability of the western oaks, I provisionally append it to Q. lobata as a subspecies under 
the name of fruticosa. 
Q. Garryana, Dougl. ap. Hook., well known in California by the name of mountain white-oak, though not found 
in the higher mountains ; it extends farther north than any other oak on the west coast and is the only representative 
of the genus north of the Columbia River, is common on Vancouver Island (where a variety has been called Q. Jacobi, 
r. min.) and according to Prof. Dawson has been met with sparingly on Frazer River; on the Columbia it 
extends as high up as the Dalles ; in exposed northern situations it is scrubby. Southward it seems to be limited by 
San Fran It can always be readily distinguished by its rather large, variously but commonly deeply-lobed 
thick leaves, tomentose or downy beneath, and by its large (3-5 lines long) tomentose winter buds. Q. Nee?, Liebm. 
(Hartweg, in Hb. Gray) is a form with more knobby cups. 
Q. steLLata, Wang. (Q. obtusiloba, Michx.), is of a uniform character in the middle States, but varies considerabl 
southward. Dr. Mellichamp finds on the coast of South Carolina, 1. a scrub form, often with almost entire, undulate 
or angular leaves mixed with other shrubs or trees of the normal foliage ; 2. a tree with normal leaves but glabrous 
branchlets and eter anthers ; and 3. a tree with flaky bark, and narrow, cuneate leaves with oval lobes, and like 
the branchlets glabrous ; anthers unknown, The last two may prove to be hybrid forms between stellata and alba, for 
which see further on. 
Q. macrocarRPA, Michx., often occurs in the north and northwest with unusually small oblong acorns, half or 
more covered by the mossy cup, when it is Q. oliveformis, Michx. ; another form has oval acorns of the size of those or 
coccinea in a shallow, mossy cup ; on the lower Ohio acorns have been gathered 15-16 lines in diameter, in a very 
mossy cup over 2 inches wide. The leaves vary from the nearly entire, obovate, sinuate-dentate to the lyrate- 
pinnatifid form with almost naked midrib. The branchlets, always thick, are either corky or smooth. 
Q. tyrata, Walt., originally known from the banks of the southeastern rivers, is also found in the damp woods 
of the lower Ohio and devin the Mississippi River. It properly stands between macrocarpa and bicolor, and has a good 
deal of both. I have seen from the same localities (Mount Carmel on the lower Wabash, Dr. J. Schneck, and Mem- 
phis, 4. Fendler) specimens with the typical enclosed acorns, and others with cups, somewhat mossy on the edge, only 
half enclosing the acorn. The bark is flaky like that of bicolor. 
Q..BIcoLor, Willd., is generally a well characterized tree with flaky bark, cuneate-obovate, par sinuate- 
dentate leaves, white below, 6-8-androus flowers, and large acorns in long-peduncled, mossy cups 
numerous aberrant forms occur, some with light downy leaves and green below, others with much cache [390 (6) ] 
or longer acorns ; in some the cup is scarcely fringed. 
2 The black-oaks, many years ago, were grouped by Spach, and later by Liebmann and others, under the name of Erythro- 
balanus (red-oaks), but with other characters and other limits than I assign them 
