402 ABOUT THE OAKS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
toothed, with 2-4 teeth or lobes, rarely pinnatifid or sometimes entire or undulate ; crowded acorns small, subglobose ; 
shallow, flat cups, truncate or rarely rounded at base, with triangular, obtuse, nearly glabrous, appressed scales. Per- 
haps too near Q. palustris, from which the fruit is scarcely distinguishable, though the locality, the growth, and the 
foliage differ. 
Q. LAURIFOLIA, Michx., appears after all to be distinct from Q. aquatica ; whether entire or lobed, the leaves of 
the latter mostly have a cuneate outline widest in the upper third or at least above the middle ; the calyx lobes are 
larger and very conspicuous, and the filaments enclosed and only the anthersexsert. . laurifolia has lanceolate oblong 
leaves, widest about the middle whether entire or lobed ; the calyx lobes are much smaller ; filaments exsert ; this in 
flowering specimens of both species from Bluffton, the only ones which I could compare. A specimen from the gulf 
coast of Mississippi has oval entire coriaceous leaves 4 inches long and 14 inches wide, while those of the South Caro- 
lina plants are narrower, and rather approach to Phellos, but never to aquatica. They usually persist until the budding 
time, but not oe it. 
Q. crneREA, Michx. In specimens from South Carolina I find, together with the ordinary stellate 
pubescence, an lage of yellow articulated hair on the young leaves, while in flowering Texan specimens [396 (12)] 
it seems to be entirely wanting. 
Q. Wisiizen1, A. DC, With his usual acumen, A. DeCandolle discovered this species in a small fruiting speci- 
men, brought by Dr. Wislizenus in 1851 from the American Fork of the Sacramento River, but through a mistake of 
mine, he located it near Chihuahua. Since then nothing further, I believe, has been published about this remarkable 
oak, though an abundance of material and very full notes have been gathered by different collectors, principally by 
Prof. W. H. Brewer and Dr. H. Bolander. 
This species is found throughout the western parts of California from Shasta to San Diego, principally in the 
region of the foot-hills, but does not ascend the higher mountains. In some localities it makes a “ magnificent tree ” 
40 to 60 feet high, with a trunk occasionally 6 feet in diameter, but branching 5 or 6 feet from the ground, as most of 
the large Californian oaks of both groups are wont to do. On the coast ranges from Monte Diablo to San Diego it also 
occurs as a small shrub with small leaves. ‘ 
The bark is pale and smoothish in younger, very rough and black in older trees. The firm, leathery leaves per- 
sist 14 or 15 months on the branches ; they vary excessively, often on the same tree, from broad ovate to narrowly 
lanceolate ; cordate, obtuse, or acute at base ; the margin entire, or with a few teeth or sharply and closely dentate ; 
shoots or young trees have usually dentate, old and fertile ones more commonly entire leaves. In the earliest age the 
leaves are very slightly concave, and in vernation imbricate ; they bear on both sides articulated hairs, but soon become 
glabrous; the full-grown leaves are mostly dark green and shining, and delicately reticulate, oe a on the upper 
surface. They are usually 2-4 inches long and half as wide, or rarely narrower ; petioles 5-9 lines long; in var. 
frutescens the leaves are only 1-13 inches long, oval, entire, or often very sharply and deeply lobed- Sauk petioles 
1-2 lines long. 
thachis of the aments is stellate-canescent, or nearly glabrous ; calyx lobes 5 or 6, large and broad, nearly 
glabrous or ciliate-bearded ; anthers 3-6, often pointed. Bracts of the sessile (or often peduncled) female flowers large, 
orbicular, membranaceous ; the long, recurved styles not rarely 4 or 5 in number. Acorns always elongated, 9-18 
lines long, immersed } to 23 in the cup, which I find varying from 6-11 lines in depth and 5-6 lines in width ; cup 
scales elongated, acutish, light brown, and nearly glabrous, 
On one Sev this species approaches to Q. agrifolia, with which it has often been confounded, and on the other 
to Q. Sonome 
Dr. Ke foe in Proc. Cal. Ac. 2, 36 (DC. Prod. 16, 2, 79), scantily describes an oak under the name of Q. Morehus, 
which may belong here. 
Q. myrtironia, Willd. Willdenow’s description of the foliage, which cannot possibly refer to other oak, 
together with his locality, makes it certain that in Dr. Mellichamp’s very complete specimens we have h 
plant before us, and, thanks to him, I can now re-establish this echa, and often doubted species. Tt [397 (13)) 
grows on the poorest sand ridges near Bluffton, together with Pinus eae ae rare there, but apparently 
extending along the coast to Florida. It makes an evergreen shrub from 14-2, usually 4-5, and up to 8 feet high. 
Leaves rounded ovate, cordate, obtuse, or sometimes acute at aie obtuse aa in youth bristle-pointed at tip, revolute ~ 
on the margin, thick and leathery, persisting 15-18 months. Leaves vary sometimes to broadly obovate, or are rarely, 
- which I have not seen in any other species; spo- nished, but lies dormant part of the year ; spores mature in 
4-? line in diameter, usually emarginate above, sheoont ay and June. — This species, J. flaccida da from Florida, and 
black from their dark contents, but pee any brown cells ; I. Nuttallii from Oregon, are the only American Tsoétes in 
often for a time attached heir base when their which the spore-case is entirely enclosed in and covered by 
leaf has withered away. The plant, ps I have cultivated the velum ; and it is the only one of ours with dark spores, 
for several years, seems to vegetate as soon as moisture is fur- all the others having white ones. 
