154 CACTACEZ OF WHIPPLE’S EXPEDITION. 
VII DESCRIPTION OF THE CACTACEZ COLLECTED ON ROUTE NEAR THE 
THIRTY-FIFTH PARALLEL, EXPLORED BY LIEUTENANT A. W. WHIPPLE IN 
1853, 1854.— By Drs. ENGELMANN AND BIGELOW. 
From Reports oF EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS FOR A RAILROAD FROM THE MIssIssipPI RIVER TO THE PaciFic OcEAN, 
Vo 856. 
MAMILLARIA, Haw. 
I. Evcmamitiarta. Engelm. in Synops. Cact. 
Mam. Wrieattt, Engelm. in Rep. of Bound. Com. : Flowers and fruit were unknown until specimens [27] 
bog from the Pecos flowered in Washington. From these the following description was drawn : — 
“ Sepalis exterioribus triangularibus obtusiusculis fimbriatis sub-13, interioribus margine petaloideis acutis 
sub-8, petalis (purpureis) lanceolatis acuminatis aristatis sub-12; bacca succosa majuscula purpurascente floris 
rudimentis corovata ; seminibus obovatis basi acutis scrobiculatis nigris. (Pl. I.) I am not certain whether the 
flower is a, lateral and the germen immersed ; whether, therefore, this species actually belongs to the true 
Mamillarie o the subgenus Coryphantha, I am, on the contrary, inclined to consider at least the germen 
immersed. I esther think it best to leave this species with the Crinite —to which it seems to be so nearly 
allied — till more complete observations establish the contrary. The flower is about one inch long, petals and margin 
of inner sepals bright purple ; berry large and purplish; seeds about 0.7 line long.” 
High plains near the Gallinas. Hills and rocky places near Anton Chico, on the Pecos, Sept. 25, 1853. Santa 
Rita del Cobre mountains ; near Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua. Wright and Bigelow, in boundary collections. 
M. Granamti, Engelm. in Rep. Bound. Com. Sand and gravelly banks of streams. Williams’s River to the 
Colorado Grande, Jan. 26, 1854. 
3. M. PHELLOSPERMA, Engelm. in Synops. Cact. (M. tetrancistra, Engelm. in Sillim. Journ,, November, 1852): 
Living specimens of this and the preceding species have been brought to Washington, and are now growing in the 
Congressional Garden. Few specimens only show more than one of the four central spines hooked. The manifestly 
improper name previously adopted had therefore to be altered. “TI have substituted for it a name derived from the 
peculiar spongy or corky appendage of the seed, which greatly resembles that of the seed of Potentilla paradora 
Nutt.” — (Engelmann). Sandy banks of streams, Colorado Grande and Mohave, Feb. 4-23, 1854. The external 
habit of this plant very much resembles that of M. Graham, and was collected in nearly the same localities. 
4. M. meracantHa, Engelm. in Rep. Bound. Com.: Distinguished from M. applanata by the fewer and stouter 
spines ; central spine often wanting. Cedar plains near the Llano Estacado to the Pecos, Sept. 23-27, 1553. 
II. CoryrpHantHa. Engelm. Synops. Cact. 
5. M. Nurratyn, Engelm.: var. y. robustior aculeis levioribus radialibus sub-12, centrali robusto. The [28] 
northern and Texas plants have pubescent spines. 
Plains on the False Washita and Canadian, near Fort Arbuckle, Aug. 22-29, 1853. 
6. M. vivip. 
B. Nero-MEXIcANA, (ae in Rep. Bound. Com. Found in many different forms, from the plains of the 
Canadian, in longitude 100°, to the Aztec mountains in longitude 112° west. The forms mostly belong to the var. 8. 
Neo-Mexicana. One of the specimens brought to Washington bore abnormal flowers, quite interesting in a morpho- 
logical point of view. The ovary is 4-5 lines long, ieee’ with 8-12 fimbriate sepals (or scales), “much like the 
ovary of an Echinocactus, the ovules deformed or wanting; styles irregularly divided to the base, or nearly so, in 
8-10 parts, stigmatose at the upper part ; other parts of the flower normal. This plant occurs in the greatest variety 
of altitudes through 12° of longitude. Specimens of it were collected on the top of the Sandia mountains, near 
Albuquerque, upwards of 13,000 feet above the level of the sea, Sept. 4, 1853, to Jan. 17, 1854. 
ECHINOCACTUS, Liyk. 
No specimen of this genus was found till the Colorado Chiquito was reached. From there to the California 
mountains five species were observed, two only of which —Z. Lecontii and EZ. Emoryi—had before been seen 
anywhere else. 
