CACTACEA OF WHIPPLE’S EXPEDITION. 157 
further noted. The only specimen preserved is 9 inches in diameter, subglobose, below contracted, pear-shaped, or 
almost stiped. 
n the lower part of the plant the areolz are elevated on distinct ovate or subcylindric tubercles, which higher 
up become connected in 8 and on the upper part of the plant in 13 ribs; tubercles on this part of plant $-} inch in 
- height and diameter ; areole 14 inch distant, } inch long, a little less wide; the floral areola smaller, closely connected 
with the former, separated from it by 1-3 subglobose glandular bodies, half or mostly hidden in the tomentum. 
Radial spines 14-2 inches long; the four upper lateral ones longer and stouter, the two lower ones more slender ; the 
lowest spine the shortest (1-14 inch long), secured like the others, or rarely hooked, similar to the shape of that spine 
in E. viridescens. 
n eighth upper radial spine, similar to the others, is sometimes observed. The stouter central spine is about 
2 inches long, at the point strongly recurved, or often almost hooked. Spines of a reddish-brown color, lighter horn- 
colored, and somewhat transparent at tip. 
This is probably the plant collected and figured by Major William H. Emory, in General Kearny’s expedition to 
California in the fall of 1846, and then named after him. We collected only one young specimen, probably on the 
lower Colorado, from which this description is taken. Mr. Schott has found the plant abundantly south of the Gila 
River, and it is known to extend to the Gulf of California. We procured a large specimen in San Francisco (said to 
have been brought from Guaymas), which is now flourishing in the Public Garden at Washington. This species has, 
when full grown, a height of 3 and a diameter of 2 feet, and 18-21 ribs. The large flowers are deep red, similar in 
form to those of HL. Wislizent. 
6. E. POLYCEPHALUS, sp. nov.: globosus, demum ovatus cylindricusque, multiceps (e basi ramosus), vertice 
dense tomentoso, costis 13-21 acutis ; areolis ovate-orbiculatis junioribus tomentosissimis ; aculeis 8-12 robustissimis 
compressis annulatis plus minus recurvatis junioribus puberulis cinereo rubellis apice nudatis rubicundis; aculeis 
radialibus 4-8 infimo deficiente, superioribus si extant gracilioribus ; centralibus 4 robustissimis 4-angulatis compressis, 
superiore latiore suberecto s. sursum curvato, inferiore longiore decurvo; floribus in vertice congestis ; ovario lana 
nivea ex axillis sepalorum 90-100 linearum demum spinescentium orta densissime vestito, sepalis tubi infundibuli- 
formis 100-120 lineari-lanceolati aculeato-aristatis purpurascentibus, interioribus margine petaloideis, petalis laciniato- 
fimbriatis herbacea-aristatis sub-30 flavis, stigmatibus 8-11 linearibus acutis; bacca globosa sicca flore coronata, lana 
densa involuta ; seminibus magnis irregulariter angulatis minutim (sub lente) verrucosis, opacis. (Plate III. 
figs. 4-6.) 
Stony and gravelly hills and dry beds of torrents from 20 miles west of the Rio Colorado to about 150 miles 
westward up the Mojave ; found in fruit in the beginning of March. This distinguished species is simple only when’ 
quite young. Even the small globose plants show several heads from one base, and older cylindric stems have as 
many as twenty or thirty heads, all pretty nearly of the same size. The globose ones are 6-9 inches in diameter ; the 
ovate heads are 12-15 inches high by 8-10 in diameter ; and the largest cylindric stems seen were 2-24 high by less 
than a foot in diameter. The number of ribs varies; in old specimens it is generally 21. Areole about $4 inch in 
diameter, and }—} inch distant from one another ; floral areola smaller, without the ligneous glandular organs noticed 
in others. The spines in a young 5-ribbed living specimen before us are 7 radial and 1 central one. Very soon, 
however, the 4 upper larger spines become central, and 4 lower spines are arrang radially. Even in old and [382] 
full-grown specimens sometimes not more than these 8 spines are found, the 4 upper ones (which are in this 
case perhaps rather improperly designated as central) stouter and cruciate, and the 4 lower ones arranged around the 
lower half of the areola. Generally, however, 2 upper radial spines, weaker and less curved than the 4 lower 
ones, make their appearance ; and in a few specimens before us we find 3—4 upper radial spines, the uppermost ones 
being quite slender. 
In the field we noted as many as 15 spines occasionally, when no doubt 7 occupy the place of upper radial ones. 
The central spines are always very stout, but very different in size; in some specimens we find them 1}-1}, while in 
others they are 2-34 inches long. They are nearly straight or very much curved ; the upper one is often 14 to 2 lines 
wide, the lower one the longest. 
The yellow flowers seem to make their appearance in February, as the fruit ripens in March. The ovary and 
the fruit are enveloped in dense pure white cottony wool, which originates from the axis of the lower sepals, and 
through which only the dark reddish-brown spinulose points of the sepals are visible. The incomplete description of 
the flowers was made from withered specimens adhering to the fruit, Tube of flower funnel-shaped, short and 
rapidly widening towards the upper end naked (without free stamina) at the lower part. Petals about 1 inch long 
and 2 lines wide. Style 1-1} inch long; stigmata 4 lines long. Fruit dry, 8-10 lines in diameter, together with the 
remnants of the flower about 2 inches long, open at base when falling off; like the fruit of many if not most of our 
chinocacti, seeds 2 lines long, 1} line broad, irregularly shrivelled, appearing rugosé and angular, much like those of 
the nearly allied E. laticostatus (horizonthalonius, Lem.). Hilum transversely oval; embryo curved, the cotyledons 
buried in the large albumen, accumbent, sometimes oblique. 
