CACTACEZ OF WHIPPLE’S EXPEDITION. 167 
times we find short pale and longer darker bristles together. The fruit is 1 inch long and half as thick, with a ve 
shallow umbilicus ; only the upper larger pulvilli bear 4-6 spines (2-5 lines long) ; the lower ones on the contracted 
part of the fruit are very small, distant, and unarmed. Seed among the largest in this genus 3} lines in diameter, the 
thick and broad rim acutish, The name indicates the porcupine-like armature of this species. 
13. O. MissourtENnsis, DC.: prostrata, radice fibrosa, articulis obovatis suborbiculatisve tuberculatis com- 
Ai lete viridibus adscendentibus, foliis subulatis minutis patulis, pulvillis subconfertis albo s. griseo-tomentosis 
stramineo — setosis omnibus armatis; aculeis in pulvillis inferioribus gracilioribus paucioribus, in superioribus 
5-10 éstatiaribic minoribus radiantibus albidis, 1-5 interioribus robustis Preteen eer oee patulis, rarius sub- 
erectis, albidis s. rufescentibus ; floribus sulphureis basi intus sepe aurantiacis, o o-obova o sub 
pulvillis 2655 albo tomentosis aculeolatis instructo; sepalis tubi sub-13 vtadabiie ‘Staines interioribus [45] 
pire cuspidatis petaloide-marginatis, petalis sub-13 obovato-orbiculatis emarginatis s. obcordatis crenulatis 
zepe mucronulatis ; stigmatibus sub-8 viridibus in capitulum globosum s. conicum confertis ; bacca ovata s. sub- 
tile umbilico parum depresso, pulvillis 25-35 albo-tomentosis setos albidas stramineas s. rufescentes aculeolosque 
numerosos breves s. elongatos — ; seminibus magnis plerumque irregularibus late subacuteque marginatis. 
(Plates XIV. and XV. figs. 1-10 and 
This variable species aoe ine the country north of the upper Missouri River to the regions south of the 
Canadian and of Santa Fé, latitude 48° 35’ ; and from longitude 99° east of Fort Pierre, on the Missouri, to 112° on 
the San Francisco mountains, It has not been-found south of nie along the Rio Grande, nor in the Salt 
Lake valley, Utah, as far as at present known. Flowering in May; fruit same fall. Nuttall discovered this common 
western species on the upper Missouri in 1811, and described it under a name of Cactus ferox; he noticed “8-10 
greenish stigmata” and the “dry spring fruit.” The deep purple fruit, “as large as a hen’s egg,” attributed to our 
species, on the authority of Dr. James, by Torrey and Gray, in their Flora, cavbane belongs to our O, Camanchica ; it 
certainly cannot belong to 0. Missouriensis. 
A eg large spreading masses, much dreaded by travellers and their animals. Joints mostly suborbicular, 
2-4 inches long apd 2-33 wide, light green, somewhat tuberculated from hemispherical elevations which bear the 
leaves od pulvilli, 4-6 lines apart ; leaves 1$-2 lines long, hardly more than } line in diameter at the base, nearly 
twice as long as the wool in their axils. Numerous small white spines radiating downward and laterally, sometimes 
a few rather longer ones obliquely upward, mostly 3-6 lines long, rarely more elongated ; central spines in the 
Missouri specimens mostly 1, rarely 2; in the southern ones often 2-4, 1-14, or even 2 inches féingt terete or eae 
angular, white, or mostly with a reddish base when young, entirely brown-red, with lighter tips. On the lower pul- 
villi the stouter spines are mostly wanting; in some Missouri specimens I find few and weak spines on the upper, 
and none at all on the lower part of the joints; in other plants from the same region all the pulvilli are nearly 
equally armed with 5 weaker (2-3 lines long) lower deflexed, and 5 inner stouter (4-6 lines long) spreading spines. 
Flowers 2-3 inches in diameter ; ovary, with subulate sepals, similar to the leaves ; spines already present, but not as 
long and stiff as in the fruit etals yellow towards the base, or sometimes almost entirely rose-colored, orange, or 
brick-colored, sometimes vay. the margin remaining yellow. Exterior filaments much the longest, deep red ; interior 
ones paler, shorter. Pistil pale-yellow ‘ish, thickened below the middle, as in almost all the species of this genus. 
Stigmata mice into a small subconic head. 
ruit ovate, or sometimes globose ; umbilicus shallow ; spines on the pulvilli numerous, 6-12 usually short, 
1-4 sitting 6 lines long. Seeds about 3 lines in diameter, sometimes larger, in one form much smaller, mostly 
irregular, twisted, angular, much compressed, with a broad and thick but rather sith rim. Embryo of different 
shapes conform to the shape of a seed, always with a small albumen. 
following forms, we think, must be included under this species, though the whole history of most of them 
is not known; some of them may not even be constant varieties. 
RUFISPINA: articulis orbiculatis s. transversis setis parcis rufescentibus, aculeis radialibus 6-8 albidis rufo- 
ei, deere: validis fuscis apice pallidioribus, 2-4 deflexis, singulo patulo s. suberecto robustissimo ; bacca 
ovata. (Plate XIV. figs. 1-3.) 
This is the shaven form of our species, and greatly deserves Nuttall’s original name “ ferox.” It was collected 
on rocky places on the Pecos ; Dr. Hayden has also sent it from the Yellowstone; and it no doubt is met with in all 
the intervening territory. Toints 2-3 inches in diameter, pulvilli 4-5 lines apart ; bristles fewer, but longer and 
darker than in other forms; central spines 1}-2 inches long. Fruit 1 inch long, half as thick, with shallow umbilicus ; 
about 30 pulvilli, spines on the upper ones 4-6 lines long. Seeds 23-3 lines in diameter. 
B. PLATYCARPA : articulis obovato-orbiculatis, setis parcis stramineis, aculeis exterioribus 5-10, lebatad. [46] 
bus albidis, superioribus robustioribus rufescentibus centrali subsingulo robusto fusco patulo s. ay ; bacca 
depresso-globosa, umbilico lato plano, pulvillis sub-25 aculeolos 5-10 breves gerentibus. (Plate XIV. fig. 4.) 
