248 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
coast vegetation left from a period when the beds of these lakes were filled by an immense arm of the sea? Be that as 
it may, our species is not confined by the line of the lakes, but appears again on the upper Mississippi and St. Peters 
rivers, hence northwestward into the British possessions, aud westward to the Mauvaises Terres and to the head 
waters of the Missouri, and then southward along the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and New Mexico, and farther 
west tothe Cascade Mountains in Oregon. find it again as a true maritime plant on the Pacific coast from the 
northern Russian islands to Californ nia and in ie This Pacific form is so different from the others that some will 
regard it as a distinct type. The different forms may be thus characterized :— 
J. Balticus genuinus : es tenuioribus rigidis farctis ; panicule laxioris ramis dichotomis ; floribus minoribus ; 
capsula obtusa mucronata ; seminibus grosse lineolatis. , 
ar. a. Europeus: sepalis exterioribus acutioribus longioribus capsulam late ovatam obtusam mucronulatam 
subeequantibus ; antheris minoribus filamento duplo longioribus; seminibus ovatis obtusis brevissime apiculatis. — 
Northern Europe. 
r. B. littoralis: sepalis ut in Europeo capsulam angustiorem acutius angulatam longius mucronatam equanti- 
bus ; Moraes majoribus filamento brevissimo quadruplo longioribus ; seminibus ut in Europxo. — Atlantic coast to 
the upper ] pegeaes an 
r. y. montanus: sepalis fere equilongis equalibus seu interioribus obtusioribus ; antheris ut in littorali; cap- 
sula Silene sabia angulata rostrata ; seminibus minoribus angustioribus longius apiculatis. — Western plains and 
mountains. 
Sub-sp. J. Pacificus: caulibus crassioribus mollioribus sepe fistulosis ; panicule densiflore ramis secundis ; flori- 
bus majoribus ; sepalis exterioribus acutissimis interiora obtusa paulo superantibus capsulam ovatam acutam: mucrona- 
tam subequantibus; antheris majoribus filamento brevissimo quadruplo quintuplo longioribus ; seminibus magnis 
ovatis obtusis breviter seu vix apiculatis tenuissime irregulariter reticulatis seu levisculis. — J. Lesuewrit, Bolander in 
roc. Ac. Calif. 2, 179. J. Balticus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 341. J. compressus, E. Mey. Pl, Chamisso in Linn, 3, 368, 
planta Chilensis.— J. Henkei, E. Mey. Syn. Junc. p. 10, forma borealis pauciflora. 
. PROCERUS, E. Mey.? Linn. 3, 367 ; Kunth, En. 3, 322: culmo erecto elato (tripedali) tereti striato farcto 
basi vaginis —— obtusis breviter aristatis stipato; spatha- paniculam decompositam densifloram multiradiatam 
corymbiformem longe superante ; sepalis equilongis lanceolatis, exterioribus acutato-subulatis, interioribus obtusis 
mucronatis midis ovatam subacutam trilocularem equantibus; staminibus 3 sepalis quarto parte brevioribus 
antheris linearibus filamento paulo longioribus; seminibus majusculis ovatis. 
In brackish marshes, San Francisco, Cal., H. Bolander. —In its technical character, especially in the form of the 
sepals and the capsule, this plant corresponds well with Meyer’s Chilian species, but a specimen in the royal herba- 
rium at Berlin, brought from Chili by D’Urville, has much smaller flowers, a more compound, loose-flowered panicle ; 
smaller flowers, and smaller, narrow, long-apiculate, finely lineolate seeds, and is in all respects similar to J. effusus, 
with the exception of the inner sepals and the capsule. But unwilling to give a new name to a plant so incompletely 
known, I provisionally refer this arr to the Chilian species; I suggest, however, the possibility of the bpd 
nian plant being’a hybrid between J. effusus and J. Pacificus, whisk both occur in its neighborhood ; it seem 
that only very few and imperfect seeds can be found in the otherwise well developed specimens now before me, [43] 
and that in size and form these seeds, as well as the flowers, anthers, and capsules, are intermediate between 
those of the supposed parents, while the number of stamens is that of J. effusus. The panicle is remarkably compact and 
consists of 10-15 secondary branches of nearly equal length. 
7. J. errusus, Linn., is found from Maine to the Rio Grande and to the Pacific, but is wanting in some 
tricts. It has always three stamens, the small anthers of which are of nearly equal length with the filaments. The 
most prominent and very constant character consists in the number of stamens and in the obovate or even clavate, 
upwards almost tricoccous, retuse capsule; seeds apiculate and finely lineolate. 
8. J. patens, E. Mey. Syn. Luzul. p. 28; Rel. Henk. 1.141; Kunth, En. 3, 318. J. compressus, E . Mey. 
Syn. June, p. 16, non H. B. K. This very distinct species seems not ‘6 have fallen under the observation of botanists 
since, about seventy years ago, Henke discovered it near Monterey, Cal., until Mr. Bolander and Prof. Brewer again 
obtained it near San eide and in the Santa ee Mountains of that State. Meyer’s ieee in Rel: Henk. 
1. c. is so complete that very little can be added. I find, however, the — cespitose, slender, but wiry stems not 
compressed but terete, and distinctly striate; they are 15 inches to 2} and 3 feet high including the oaths which has 
a length of 3 or 4 to 8 or 10 inches; their base is enclosed by elongated sheaths, brownish-red below and greenish 
piiniaghaaie upwards, tipped with a conspicuous awn; the panicle, 1-2 inches long, consists of 3-5 larger branches, 
the ultimate branchlets one-sided, spreading, or recurved, whence the specific name. The flowers are not quite 
as large as those of J. Balticus, and much lighter colored; sepals lanceolate, acute, exterior ones subulate at tip, 
equalling, or slightly exceeding, the inner ones, spreading in fruit; stamens about half the length of the sepals, and 
anthers nearly equal to the filaments; ovary with the short style about the length of the stigmas. The subglobose, 
