NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 249 
mucronate capsule, a little shorter than the sepals, opens with septifragal dehiscence, the three placente with their 
membranaceous wings, remnants of the dissepiments, remaining in the centre. The very numerous seeds are ovate, 
obtuse, usually oblique, obliquely apiculate, delicately lineolate, 0.22-0.30 lines long. 
. J. FILIFORMIS, Linn., which was formerly often taken for J. setaceus by American botanists, extends from 
Oneida Lake in western New York to the White Mountains in New Hampshire, and to Maine, is common in Lower 
Canada and in the Hudson ee region, and has also been found from the northern Rocky Mountains to the 
Cascade Mountains. The American specimens are in nowise different from the European ones; the seeds are [444] 
obovate, strongly apiculate, with a very distinct rhaphe, and are irregularly and rather indistinctly reticulated. 
10. J. Surrutt, n. sp.: rhizomate? vaginis? foliis? caulibus bipedalibus teretibus farctis siccis striulatis; pan- 
icule laxz subsimplicis pauciflore spatha longish $ ; Sepalis equilongis, exterioribus acutatis, interioribus obtusis: 
staminibus 6; capsule exsertee subglobose acute mucronate (fuscate) trilocularis eae eer tenuissimis fragili- 
bus; seminibus magnis shovato-dblongis obtusis vix apiculatis irregulariter reticulat 
Pennsylvania, in a sphagnous swamp on Broad Mountain near Pottsville, Schuylkill county, where Mr. Charles 
E. Smith, of Philadelphia, for whom this species is named (J. Smithii, Kunth, is the English J. tenwis), discovered it 
in June, 1865, with nearly ripe fruit, and where he expects to.obtain more complete specimens in the coming season, 
as it grows in a very accessible, but thus far little explored part of Pennsylvania. We will then learn whether I am 
correct in my surmise that it is a leaf-bearing species, closely allied to J. setaceus. The question may even arise, 
whether our plant is not the true J. setaceus of Rostkovius, as he credits it to Pennsylvania, and, so far as I know, the 
plant we take to be setaceus has not lately been found so far north. The figure of Rostkovius is too poor to decide the 
question, but his description is full enough to point to our setaceus; the “ three-leaved calyx” — 1. ¢., the three bracts 
under the flower by which he distinguishes ar ger from J. filiformis —are found in most Rowiies of both J. 
Smithit and J. setaceus, and also in some other species, e. g., J. tenuis, but not in J. filiformis; the lowest of those 
three bracts generally bears an abortive bud in its iis: and has, therefore, another morphological value than the two 
upper ones. — The thin and wiry stems before me are two fect high, eight or nine inches of which belong to the 
spathe ; the flowers are scarcely more than one line long, not much more than half as long as those of J. setaceus ; the 
anthers had fallen off and only the six filaments remained; the thick but sharply angled and pointed capsule is light- 
brown and shining ; its valves seem to tear away from the dissepiments when it opens. The seeds are few and of 
large size, 0.4 line long, and irregularly ribbed and reticulated. — The small flower, the form of the sepals, the exsert 
angular capsule, and the more elongated and differently marked seeds distinguish it abundantly from the next. 
11. J. seraceus, Rostk. Mon. June. 13, t. 1, f. 2, is a regularly leaf-bearing species, though neither its 
author nor most of the later writers make mention of the leaves, while E. Meyer (Syn. June. 1822, p. 18) [445] 
already describes them, and Gray and Chapman are fully acquainted with them. Though its author credits the 
species to Pennsylvania, it is not now known to grow there; in all the herbaria examined by me I have seen no 
specimens found north of North Carolina, whence it extends as a common species to Florida and Louisiana. It is 
well characterized by its terete leaves; a very long spathe ; a compact or sometimes spreading, few-flowered panicle ; 
smooth and shining sepals; a globose scarcely angled but conspicuously rostrate capsule, the dissepiments of which 
separate from the valves; and by the subglobose, obtuse, coarsely lineolate, or almost transversely reticulate seeds, 
with short appendages and ‘distinst rhaphe, and seldom over 0.3 line long. 
12, J. arcticus, Willd. The only American specimens I have seen were brought from Greenland by Dr. 
Kane; they differ in no respect from the European plant. The seeds are 0.4 line long, obovate, oblique, obtuse, 
with very short appendages and distinct raphe; 12-16 ribs are visible on one side, with very faint cross-lines 
Of the plant which is found on the Russian islands Kodiak and Sitcha, on the northwest coast of America, I 
have seen too few and too incomplete specimens to form a definite opinion. It seems to me to constitute a sub- 
species of J. arcticus, which might be designated as Sitchensis, and which can be distinguished by the much elongated 
spathe, the larger flowers, nearly equal sepals, turbinate pyriform capsules, with very few and apparently smaller 
seeds. 
13. J. DrumMonptt, E. Mey. in Ledeb. Flor. Ross. 4, 235 : cespitosus ; caulibus (pedalibus yeaa mane 
ae filiformibus ; vaginis setaceo-aristatis ; spatha paniculam simplicem (subtrifloram) plus minus supera 
lis lanceolatis acutis vel exterioribus interiora vix superantibus acutatis stamina 6 plus quam a seen athane 
etthadll linearibus filamento paulo Jongioribus ; stigmatibus ovario gracili prismatico stylo perbrevi coronato brevioribus 
inclusis; capsula ovato-oblonga triangulari retusa triloculari sepala sequante seu eis breviore ; seminibus ovatis striato- 
reticulatis longe caudatis.— J. compressus, +y. subtrifiorus, E. Mey. Linn. 3, 368, and Rel. Henk. 1, 141; J. arcticus, 
Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, 189; Gray, PL Hall & Harb. in Proc. Ac, Phil. 1863 
Var. B. humilis: sunlibien digitalibus; spatha brevissima 1—2-flora ; sevalle heatenattie: 
On the alpine heights of the Rocky Mountains of — Hall & Harb., 563 ; to California, Hillebrand ; the 
