252 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
Var. B secundus, ramis panicule spatham excedentibus erectis incurvis ; floribus minoribus secundis.—~—J. 
secundus, Poir. 
ar. y. congestus, ramis panicule spatha brevioribus abbreviatis; floribus fere in capitulum congestis; sepalis 
fusco-striatis ; cee e stramineo fusca. 
he legitimate J. tenuis is found over the whole country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and south into the 
tropical parts of America, in the West Indies, and in western Europe. — The interesting and quite distinct-looking 
variety with unilateral flowers has usually 4 or 5, but sometimes even 6 or 7, flowers on a single* branch, which is 
curved inward and not backward, as is the case in Borraginee, the one-sided inflorescence of which bears a great 
analogy to that of our plant. Most of the specimens of this variety which fell under my observation were obtained in 
Pennsylvania, and a few in New England ; forms Sreesss it are found in other regions also. — The variety y., 
which occurs in California (San Francisco, Bolander ; Monterey, Brewer) and in Colorado, Hail, is very striking ; its 
apparent heads, 4-9 lines in diameter xnd nearly as high, bear flowers a little larger than ordinary, with darker 
colored ee The seeds of both varieties are undistinguishable from those of the common plant. 
J. picHotomvs, Elliott, Sketch, 1, 406 ; Chap. Flor. 493; though closely allied to the preceding, is a well- 
sare seta and would not have so often hens confounded with it if the characters, as given by Elliott, had not 
site overlooked. The terete leaves, which are marked ky a shallow groove on their upper side, distinguish it 
at once, even when the subglobose, mucronate, but never retuse, capsule is not yet formed. The seeds are very [451] 
similar to the smaller ones of J. tenuis (0.22-0.23 line long), and have the same oblique white appendages, but 
they are coarsely lineolate, the meshes being about twice as wide as in the other species ; the bulbous base of the stem, 
indicated by Chapman, is perhaps not always so well marked. Mr. Bebb remarks that about Washington, where it is 
abundant, the contrast in the color of the mature plants of this and the last species is quite striking; the latter becomes 
pale throughout, while .J. dichotomus remains dark green, and the ripe pods assume a mahogany color. — The northern 
limit of this species seems to be on the Chesapeake Bay, whence it extends to Florida. 
25. J. GERARDI, sce Notic. (1810) p. 60, ex Kunth, En. 3, 352 ; Koch, Syn. Germ. 731, is well distinguished 
from J. bulbosus, Linn., which has never, I believe, been found in America, by the subterete stem, the much larger 
flowers, which are as mie as the capsule; by the large linear anthers and very short filaments, the long style, which 
is equal to the ovary, and by the larger seeds. These are 0.31-0 33 line long, while those of J. bulbosus are only 0.23 
line long; both are delicately lineolate. —It is a salt water plant, and is found in brackish marshes from the British 
possessions to North Carolina, Curtis, and Florida, Ware (J. Floridanus, Raf.in Hb. Durand) ; inland it has been 
found by Judge Clinton about Salina, western New York ; and near Chicago by Dr. Vasey. On the coast of New 
England it is well known under the name of “black grass,” and is cut in large quantities and makes pretty good 
hay (Oakes). 
26. J. Burontvs, Linn.: this well-known weed, found all over the globe, and, perhaps with the exception of 
J. sagi the only annual Juncus of our flora, is most variable in its size, the size and disposition of the flowers, 
the proportion of inner and outer sepals, and the size of the seeds. The seeds are ovate, very obtuse, and commonly 
very slightly apiculate, and delicately lineolate ; 0.15~0.20 line is their usual length ; I have rarely seen them 0.22 line 
long, and in a Galveston specimen have found them only 0.13 line long, 
Only one marked variety has been distinguished under the name of fasciculatus, Koch, or fasciculiflorus, Boiss., 
apparently a southern form, common in our southeastern States and in the south of Europe; it is also found in the 
interesting colony of southern plants near the Philadelphia navy-yard; the last three or four internodes of the 
branches af the inflorescence are so much shortened that the flowers become crowded into false heads, which psec the 
plant a very peculiar aspect. 
27. J. REPENS, Michx. Fl.1,191. Cephaloxys flabellata, Desv. ; Chapm. Flor. 496. A well-marked south- [452] 
eastern species, found from Maryland, Canby, to Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana ; it is a true Juncus, as I 
have shown above, and evidently, notwithstanding its great difference, nearly allied with the last species. Seeds 
obovate, somewhat pointed, about 0.2 line long, and delicately lineolate. 
= 2 a Mey. Synops. Luzul. p. 34; in Rel. Henk. 1, 144, et in Led. Fl. Ross. 4, 228, excl. syn. ; 
Kanth, En. 3, 360: rhizomate ascendente stolonifero; caulibus (digitalibus pedalibus) erectis levibus compressis 
unifoliatis seu ‘hades foliis gramineis planis adversis plerumqne oblique ad latus deflexis inde falcatis ; capitulis sub- 
singulis spatha seepius evinntias : ; floribus (majoribus castaneis) extus scabris pedicellatis; sepalis ovatis, exterioribus 
acuminatis interiora obtusa subinde mucronulata ta equantibus seu eis brevioribus; staminibus 6 dimida sepala super- 
antibus ovarium obtusum cum stylo ei equilongo eequantibus, antheris late linearibus filamento multo longioribus ; 
stigmatibus — exsertis ; capsula obovata obtusa mucronata triloculari ; seminibus (ex Hooker) testa producta 
lineari-oblongis. — J. Menziesii, R. Brown in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, 192. 
* These branches are only apparently single axes, for in reality they are formed of many short, successive branches. 
