254 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
diameter, consisting of 3-6 or 7 light green flowers: these not quite 2} lines long, remarkable for the elongated 
sharp points of the inner as well as the outer sepals, and for the irregular number of stamens; stamens sometimes 3, 
often 4 or 5, rarely 6, some of the inner ones commonly depauperate, with very slender filaments and extremely small 
anthers ; seeds very similar to those of the next species, 0.22 line long, with about 6 strong and dark ribs visible on 
one side. 
I had to change the only published name of this species, J. filipendulus, because it is absolutely wrong, the 
fibrous rootlets bearing no tubers at all; intending to substitute the name of the author and call it J. Buckleyi, I dis- 
covered, from a label in Mr. Durand’s herbarium, that Torrey and Gray had already named the species ; I therefore 
adopt their very appropriate designation. 
31. J. MaraiNatTus, Rostk. Mon. June. 38, t. 2, f. 2: a well-known species which grows all over the eastern 
and interior States, and down to Texas as faras woodlands extend, but has not been found in the western plains or 
mountains. It is distinguished from all our other species by the purple, or when dry red-brown color (already [455] 
noticed by La Harpe) of its three anthers, which usnally exceed the outer sepals in length; it is further character- 
ized by the acute outer sepals being much shorter than the obtuse or sometimes mucronate inner ones; by the ovate, 
obtuse ovary, with the almost sessile enclosed stigmas of the same length ; and the subglobose, obtuse, mucronulate 
capsule. The seeds are quite variable in size and form, but always strongly pointed or almost caudate and conspicu- 
ously ribbed, with few (4 or 5, or at most 6) ribs visible, lineolate or rarely reticulate ; they are commonly slender, 
obliquely lanceolate or fusiform, but in Lindheimer’s FI. Tex. exsice. 193, which has been named J. heteranthos, they 
are quite short, ovate-obtuse and abruptly apiculate. The length of the seeds varies from 0.22 to 0.33 line, and their 
thickness from } to 4 of their length. —J. aristulatus, Michx. 1,191, and J. aristatus, Pers. Syn. 1, 385, are exactly 
the same ; J. ifcrws, Ell. Sketch, 1, 407,’ and J. heteranthos, Nutt. Pl. Arkans. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. V. 153, are 
forms of the same with fewer heintes in the head. J. cylindricus, Curtis, Sillim. Journ. 44, 83; Stend. Glum. 2, 304, 
is a form with heads elongated into spikes 6 lines long and 3 lines in diameter, sterile ha aa only me uppermost 
flowers bearing fruit ; outer sepals almost as long as inner ones. We may distinguish the following forms : — 
Var, a. pc ka 13-3 feet high, with 5-8-flowered heads in a compound or decompound cee Ate common 
Var. B. biflorus, as tall as the former, with raga heads in a decompound and often very large panicle; 
a ovtethnoes fot, from Delaware, A. Commons, to 
Var. y. ge a pra 1- a feet high, with “ (2-6 or 8) larger 8-12-flowered heads; Long Branch, New 
Jersey, C. W. Short, and els 
32. J. PELOCARPUS, “i Ah Synops. Luzul. p. 30; La Harpe Monog. 124; Kunth, En. 3, 333, non Auct. Amer.: 
rhizomate horizontali tenui pallido ; canlibus (spithameis pedalibus et ultra) gracilibus teretiusculis erectis paucifo- 
liis ; foliis teretiusculis indistincte nodulosis; panicule: decomposite laxe ramis plerumque elongatis secundifloris 
demum recurvis ; floribus (parvis) singulis Sidtive sepe in gemmam vel ramulum foliosum abortientibus ; sepalis 
oblongis obtusis, exterioribus plerumque brevioribus rarius mucronatis stamina 6 et ovarium acuminatum in 
stylum breviorem abiens vix superantibus ; antheris late linearibus filamento multo (duplo quadruplo) longiori- [456] 
bus; tibus ; capsula triquetra acuminato-rostrata 1-loculari exserta ; seminibus obovatis breviter 
apiculatis reticulatis, areis lineolatis. — J. Muhlenbergii, Spreng. Syst. 2, 106 (1825). J. viviparus, Conrad in Journ. 
Ac, Phil. 6, old ser. part 1, p. 105. J. Conradi, Tuckerm. in Torr, Fl. N. Y. 2, 328 (1843) ; Gray Man. ed. 2, 482; 
Chapm. Fl. 495. J. dichotomus in herb. plur. 
Var. B. crassicaudex, e rhizomate crasso ‘caulibus foliisque robustioribus. — J. abortivus, Chapm. Fl. 1. ¢. 
Var. y? subtilis, caule reptante vel fluitante radicante folioso : foliis brevibus setaceis ex axillis proliferis ; flori- 
bus subbinis 3-andris. — J. fluitans, Michx. Fl. 1,191. J. subtilis, E. Mey. Syn. Luz, 31; La Harpe Mon. 135. 
From Newfoundland (ex La Harpe) and Canada, Macrae, westward to Lake Superior, Robbins, and southward, 
chiefly along the coast, to South Carolina, Curtis ; var. B. in Florida, Chapman ; var. y. in Canada, Herb. Michaux. — 
A very peculiar and morphologically very important plant, the synonymy of which has been quite obscure. Meyer's 
original diagnosis is too short, so that it permits strong doubts about the agent oe of the plant he had in view, and his 
unfortunate comparison of his species with J. lampocarpus and J. paradoxus, “ cujus habitum refert,” necessarily throws 
botanists on the wrong track. But La Harpe,® who wrote only two years after Meyer’s publication, and who seems to 
have been well acquainted with Meyer and with his species, gives a full description, which can leave no doubt, even if 
Meyer's herbarium did not settle the difficulty. Though originally the species was described from specimens in C. 
* The inner inner sepals, however, are not the shortest, as 1825, in the third volume of Mémoires de la Société d’His- 
usually so careful and reliable Elliott, probably po a pec ai toire Naturelle de Paris, pp. 89-181, and is a work of careful 
the = says, bath, as in all the forms of this es, the research, in which I believe I can trace the conscientious 
lon pols tae and the critical spirit of my io and highly 
§ Jean de La Harpe’s “ Monographie des vraies Joncées” esteemed, now departed, friend, Jacques Gay, 
seems to be little accessible to botanists ; it was published, Harpe was the first to give full and sate “Sedesty iii of 
