256 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
obtuse at the upper, acute at the lower end, and at both strongly apiculate ; 0.3 line or a little less long, and about 
half as much in diameter ; reticulate, with arex finely cross-lineolate ; 7 or 8 ribs visible. 
34. J. aupinus, Villars, Delph. 2,233 ex Koch, Syn. Germ. 730. J. fusco-ater, Schreb. ex Kunth, En. 
3, 326. J. afinis, R. Brown. J. Richardsonius, Rem. & Schult. J. pelocarpus, Gray, Man. ed. 1, 507, in part, non [459] 
Mey. J. ieiteadones var. pelocarpus, Gray, Man. ed. 2, 482, in part. J. elongatus, Vasey, in herb.— This form 
ought, perhaps, not to be separated from the last species ; but with us it is easily distinguished, and occupies a distinct 
geographical range. I, therefore, keep them apart for the present, and leave the final decision to the botanists of 
Europe, where both forms are much more abundant. — With us this species is confined to the northern and western 
parts of the continent, where it is usually found on the sandy or gravelly banks of lakes or streams ; from Lake Cham- 
plain, Robbins, Macrae, and Seneca and Ontario lakes, Sartwell, where it meets the eastern J. articulatus, northward 
to the Hudson Bay regions, Drummond and others, and the Arctic shores, and westward along the Great Lakes to 
Detroit, Bigelow, Herb. norm. 51, Northern Illinois, Casey, and the upper Platte, Hayden, Colorado, Hall & Harb, 558, 
and beyond the Rocky Mountains toward Fort Colville, Lyall. 
Stems erect from a creeping rootstock, 10-18 inches high ; branches of the meagre panicle, at least in the larger 
specimens, strictly erect and much elongated, greenish and light brown; sepals oblong, obtuse, outer ones mucronate 
or cuspidate, equal to, or exceeding, the rounded inner ones ; stamens same as in last; ovary ovate, with a very short 
style; capsule as long as ora little longer than the sepals, obtuse, mucronate, incompletely three-celled ; seeds very 
similar to last, but usually more slender, oblanceolate and acute at both ends, rarely obtuse at the upper one, 0.30~ 
0.35 line long. —The alpine form of this plant, the original type of Villars, is louis in our Arctic regions, and is only 
a few inches high, bearing very few almost black heads, and has the slenderest and longest seeds. The ordinary 
American plant is distinguished from the usual European form by its lower stems, still stricter panicle, and paler 
flowers and fruit. Fries has sent absolutely the same from Sweden, need as J. sylvaticus, and as J. acutiflorus, and 
later as J. alpinus, var. insignis, which name may be retained for it 
35. J. DUBIUS, n. sp.: rhizomate crasso horizontali ; caulibus (13-3- pedalibus) erectis cum foliis tereti-com- 
pressis; panicula supradecomposita patula; capitulis pauci-(6-10)floris stramineis ; floribus subsessilibus; sepalis 
lanceolato-subulatis acutissimis equalibus stamina 6 fere duplo superantibus ; antheris linearibus filamento sublon- 
gioribus ; capsula lineari-prismatica acutata uniloculari exserta ; seminibus obovatis utrumque apiculatis areis lineo 
reticulatis. 
orming large tufts in wet granitic sand in Clark’s meadow, near the Big Tree Grove, Mariposa, California, 
at an altitude of 6,500 feet, H. Bolander, flower and fruit in July; Cal. State Surv., 6032, Hb. norm, 52. Witha [460] 
good deal of hesitation, expressed in the specific name given to this plant, I venture to separate it from the closely 
allied J. ozymeris of the same region. Its rounded and only slightly compressed leaves certainly seem to be very distinct 
from the flattened equitant leaves of the latter species ; but otherwise the whole appearance, the rhizoma, the panicle, 
the flower, the stamens even, and the fruit, show scarcely any difference ; only the seed proves distinct, and as, I 
believe, we can safely rely on characters derived from the sculpture of this organ, we must consider both as really 
distinct species. The seeds of J. oxymeris show on one side 7-9 ribs and a distinct reticulation, the arew being smooth, 
and only the ribs slightly crenulate ; J. dubius has seeds of the same size (0.22-0.25 line long), but with fewer (5-7) 
ribs, and larger, strongly lineolate are. The panicle of this plant is 3-5 inches long, the flowers slender, and with 
the capsule nearly 2 lines long. 
J. MILITARIS, Bigelow, Flor. Bost. ed. 2 (1824), p. 139; Gray, Man. ed. 2. p. 482, was “ discovered by B. D. 
Greene at Tewksbury,” and has since been traced from Maine, Blake, to Massachusetts, and southward to the Pocono 
Mountains in Pennsylvania, T. Green, New Jersey, Asa Gray, C. F. Parker, Maryland, A. Commons, and, if there is no 
error in the label, as far as Alabama, Drummond. — The stout stems, 2 to 4 feet high, spring from a creeping rootstock, 
and bear on their lower half a single leaf, }-33 feet Iong, which usually overtops the inflorescence, and is mostly fol- 
lowed by a second very short one, rarely developed beyond the vaginal part. The decompound, rather crowded and 
often somewhat contracted light brown panicle is 2 to 5, usually about 3, inches long; the heads are 5-12- flowered, only 
in a Maryland specimen I find them 15-25-flowered. Flowers (in the North in August) 14 lines long ; sepals lanceo- 
late, outer ones subulate-pointed or even aristate, mostly very little shorter than the acute inner ones ; stamens 6, two- 
thirds the length of the sepals ; linear anthers a little longer than the filaments; stigmas exsert, as long as the ovate 
acuminate ovary and the distinct style together; say sharply triangular, ovate, acuminate, rostrate, equalling or 
slightly exceeding the sepals, one-celled ; seeds obovate, obtuse, unusually thick, and abruptly apiculate, 0.25-0.30 
line long, and three-fifths of their length in diameter, aaa reticulate, the aree marked with few longitudinal lines ; 
8 to 10 ribs visible. 
Dr. Robbins has discovered a very curious peculiarity of this plant, which abounds in the Blackstone River, near 
Uxbridge, Massachusetts, and its tributaries, and in the flumes of the manufactories, but only in rapid parts o 
these streams, and is there not found in sluggish streams or in stagnant water. It seems that about the period [461] 
