260 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
been confounded. It has the rhizoma and the inflorescence of the latter, but its very short inner sepals and short 
capsule at once distinguish it from either. —Stems from 8 or 10 inches (seen mostly in Texas — to 2~2 feet 
high, rather rigid; heads 4-5 lines in diameter, single or 2-3 together, or more commonly 5-8, or even 10, in a short 
(1-2 inches long) contracted panicle ; flowers 1.8-2.0, and capsule 1.2, lines long, so that, as Mr. Bebb remarks, at 
maturity the arid sepals, protruding over it almost hidden aaa, give the plant an appearance of sterility. 
Filaments twice or three times as long as the anthers. Seeds 0.20-0.22 line long, in shape like those of the last species ; 
but the ares are scarcely lineolate, the ribs however are crenulate, and sometimes short, transverse lines extend from 
them into the area. Among Linheimer’s Texan specimens are some, the heads of which are degenerated into leafy 
excrescences. 
41. J. scrrporpEes, Lamarck, Enc. 3, 267 (E. Meyer in Linn. 3, 370): caulibus (1—-4-pedalibus) e rhizomate 
horizontali crasso albido rigidis strictis (seu raro decumbentibus) foliosis ; capitulis globosis multifloris paucis seu 
pluribus ; sepalis subulatis sxpius aristato-acutissimis demum rigidis spinescentibus ; staminibus 3 ; capsula triangu- 
lato-pyramidata subulata uniloculari ; pert oblanceolatis bhovatieve ve ag acute apiculatis areis sublevibus 
reticulatis. — J. polycephalus, Michx. Fl. 1 ; Pursh, Fl. 1, 237; Mey. June. 33. 
Var. a. macrostemon: caulibus teelietttie follisque teretibus eae strictis; capitulis paucioribus [468] 
minoribus in paniculam strictam dispositis; staminibus sepala fere sxquantibus, antheris lineari-oblongis 
filamento pluries (quater seu ultra) brevioribus ; capsula calyci equilonga seu rarius exserta ; seminuibus minoribus. — 
J. scirpoides, Chap. 494, in part. 
A. macrostylus: sepalis equalibus seu pepe exterioribus brevioribus ; stylo elongato, capsula plerumque lageni- 
formi. — J. macrostemon, Gay, in La H 
B. brachystylus: sepalis equalibus seu ia a exterioribus eae s tylo perbrevi. —J. echinatus, Muhl. 
Gram. 207? J. seirpoides, Lamarck in Herb. ! Gray, Man. ed. 2, 48 
Var. 8. echinatus: caulibus (14-3-pedalibus) foliisque me rigidis strictis ; capitulis paucioribus majoribus 
in paniculam simplicem dispositis ; sepalis exterioribus plerumque longioribus stamina dimidia seu tertia parte super- 
antibus ; antheris filamento (duplo triplove) brevioribus; stylis abbreviatis; capsula sepalis eequilonga seu rarius 
a seminibus minoribus. —J. echinatus, Ell. Sk. 1 , 410. J. snepacenhalus, Curtis, in Bost. Jour. N. H. 2. 
polycephalus, a. La Harpe, 140. J. scirpoides, Chiari. 1. c. in part. 
Var. y. polycephalus: caulibus (2-4-pedalibus) compressis erectis seu flaccidis hine decumbentibus ; foliis a 
re compressis arene panicula effusa decomposita et ultra; capitulis majoribus; stylis abbreviatis ; capsula 
rta ee Fe 409; Chapm. 494. J. polycephalus, a. Michx. 1. ¢.; Pursh, 1. c. ; Mey. June. 33. 
J. polycephalus, y. La Har 
A. minor: caulibus satel paulo minoribus; sepalis mqualibus trinerviis; antheris filamentum fere 
pe scr Sorserrsig majoribus fusiformibus. 
B. : caulibus capitulisque majoribus sepalis uninerviis exterioribus interiora tenuia superantibus; antheris 
Prneen bikevselBad seminibus obovatis abrupte apiculatis. 
southern species, which eu northeastward as far Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Var. a. A. I have only seen 
from South Carolina, Hb. norm. 67 (the form with lobed heads), to Florida, lend di and Texas; a. B. is distributed 
over the whole range of the species, from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Hb. norm. 65, to South Carolina, Hb. norm. 66, . 
Arkansas, and Texas. Var. 8. has been found from Maryland to Florida, Hb. norm. 68, and Texas ; var. y. A. from North 
Carolina to Florida, Hb. norm. 69, and var. y; B. from the same States westward to Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas. 
There must be some error in La Harpe’s statement that La Pylaie found J. macrostemon in Newfoundland ; perhaps he 
took the large-headed form of J. nodosus for it.— It flowers, according to latitude, from June to August. 
I comprise under the name of J. scirpoides a number of forms, several of which have often been taken for 
distinct species. Michaux, who no doubt had seen a great deal of it in the southeastern States, had united all [469] 
under his J. polycephalus, in which he was followed by Pursh as well as by Meyer; but the earlier name of 
Lamarck must take precedence, though it seems to refer only to a single form, a specimen of which, brought by Fraser 
from South Carolina, is still preserved in his herbarium, now in the hands of Prof. J. Roeper of Rostock. This proves 
to be var. macrostemon (the form with longer exterior sepals), as has already been stated by Meyer (Linn. 3, 370). 
The older authors appear to have confounded it with J. nodosus, which latter Michaux does not seem to have known 
or distinguished, and which, on the other hand, is taken by Hooker in Flor. Bor. Am. for J. polycephalus. 
All the forms of this species have compact, globose, mostly greenish heads, turning straw-color or light brown at 
maturity, on rigid or stout stems, rising, at least in var. a. and 8., from thick white horizontal rhizomas ; those of var. 
y- I have never seen in herbarium specimens ; sheaths of the leaves, especially in a. and 8., loose and open ; stamens 3, 
very rarely, i in var. a., 4 or 5 in number; seeds though differing much in form and size (from 0.2 to over 0.3 line long, 
and from an elongate fusiform to a thick ovate shape), with 5 or 6, very rarely 7 ribs on one side, and smooth or 
delicately marked arew ; these marks consist of one or a few perpendicular lines, sometimes crossed by a couple of hor- 
