NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 261 
izontal ones. — Our southern botanists will have to find out whether one or the other of these forms may not justly 
claim to be considered as a distinct ee 
Var. a. is readily recognized by its wiry stem 1-2 tie high, its a erect panicle of a few (5-9, rarely single) 
small heads, 33-4 lines in diameter, a composed of 15- flowers,® the stamens of which are as long as the 
sepals, the small anthers often protruding from between ie tips ; peicli 1}-14 lines long ; seeds 0,22-0.28 line 
long, their length being equal to 2-25 diameters. The form with long protruding styles has in flower a very curious 
aspect ; in fruit it is often of a deeper brown than any other variety, and its capsules are not regularly subulate, as 
we find them in all other forms of this species, but oblong and rostrate, almost bottle-shaped. _ peculiarity . 
it is, that its heads are often lobed, as already remarked by Dr, Chapman, i. e. composed of a nun 
smaller heads, the axillary productions of the lowest bracts of the primary bead. Sometimes the piles ai 
larger, 6 inches or more in length, and composed of numerous heads; in some southern, especially Texa 
specimens I find the inflorescence more spreading, and with somewhat larger heads, so that thus the Mintel [470] 
to the following perpen seems to be given. 
ar. B. is 1-3 feet high, and stouter, and bears its larger heads in an almost umbel-shaped more compact 
panicle ; heads bs Pa in diameter, consisting of 50-90 flowers, each of which is 13-2 lines long; seeds 0.22-0.25 
line long, slender, their — being equal to 3 diameters. The inflorescence is sometimes looser and more compound, 
es a transition to t 
r. y. is a very different looking plant, with a compressed, tall, often inclined and even decumbent stem, which 
is said become 4 feet’ long ; leaves laterally compressed, already described by Elliott as gladiate, 3-6 lines wide; 
panicle spreading, 8-12 or 15 inches long and about as wide, with distant, sometimes one-sided (usually called sessile) 
heads, i. e. heads from the base of which a long axillary peduncle springs, which bears a second head that often 
behaves in the same manner. So far both forms of this variety agree, but in the flowers and in the seeds they ap- 
pear very different, - hers! eventually have to be separated, though our best southern botanists do not distinguish 
them, and seem to agree in the view that it is the rich marshy soil of their ricefields, me similar eres which 
produces these! ss ame cuee f forms. — The fruit-heads of a smaller form have a diam cs) a 
composed of 30 or 40 to 70 or 80 flowers; flowers, i. e. x, 2-2} lines long, sepals oda equal in eeath; and 
exterior and interior ones not more different in structure ae is usually the case; anthers longer than in any other 
variety of our species, and equal to the filament ; seeds the longest and most wlendex of all the forms, 0.30-0.33 lin 
long, the length equal to 3 or 3$ diameters. —The subvariety major has fruit-heads of 5-7 lines in diameter, the long 
pointed capsules radiating conspicuously in all directions ; 20-50 or 60 flowers, 2}-2} lines long, in each head ; sepals 
very unequal in length, as well as in texture, the exterior ones triangular dagger-shaped, and at maturity indurated ; 
the interior ones much shorter, and more or less membranaceous ; seeds ovate or almost globose-ovate, obtuse, very 
abruptly or sometimes scarcely apiculate, 0.20-0.23 line long, the length being equal to 14 or less than 2 diameters. 
J. BoLANDERI, n. sp.: caulibus (bipedalibus ultra) gracilibus rectis faigaiaY sort foliorum teretiusculorum 
atriatorum vaginis longe isaticiintie: capitulis multi-(30-50)floris singulis seu paucis in glomerulum tng eg seu 
breviter pedunculatis; florum Ctapcataess sessilium. sepalis Sniaslmarndiatn aabalpiia ig stam 
quarta parte superantibus capsulam clavato-turbinatam obtusam mucronatam unilocularem Sethe ; [47}) 
filamentis anthera oblongo-lineari apiculata bis terve longioribus ; ‘casiaihen obovatis apiculato-acutatis areis 
lineolatis Seevigtic 
wamps near Mendocino City, California, discovered in October, 1865, by H. N. Bolander, and named for him, 
one of the acutest and most zealous explorers of Californian Botany. Rhizoma not seen ; flattened stems very slender, 
terete leaves strongly knotted ; mature heads 4-5 lines in diameter, brown, shining, single, or 2, or usually 3-5 
together, either sessile and crowded together into a large cluster, or some of them peduncled ; flowers 2 lines long, 
with very narrow and sharp pointed sepals, and very slender stamens; shape of capsule quite peculiar; seeds 0.25 
line long, with about 8 ribs visible. The flattened stems and the brown hentia assimilate this species to the Californian 
Rneivasi, but the rounded and strongly knotted leaves and the sessile flowers seem to separate it from them and place 
it with J. scirpoides and its allies. 
sires Lin. Sp. PL, ed. 2, 1, 466, excl. syn.; Rostk. Mon. 38, t. 2, f. 2, excl. syn. Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2, 
326, a var. 2; fan. ed. 2, 482: ulate teretibus erectis e basi stolon di tabebiterds emittentibus ; panicule 
plerumque subsimplicic eapitulis pluri- vel multifloris; sepalis baiseedtato:Tnasihtiis subulatis stamina 6 fere duplo 
superantibus capsulam pyramidato-rostratam unilocularem equantibus a Sige ea brevioribus ; seminibus 
ovatis abrupte apiculatis lineolato-reticulatis. — J. Rostkovii, Mey. Junc. 26; La Harpe, Mon. 133; Kunth, 1. c. 332. 
J. polycephalus, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, 190 
® Muhlenberg describes his J. echinatus with 9-flowered heads, and Lamarck his J. scirpoides with heads bearing 12-18 
flowers. 
