NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 265 
acutata atro-rubente lucida semitriloculari longe exserta ; seminibus lineari-oblongis multo-lineatis longe caudatis. — 
J. erythrocarpus, Chapm. olim in sched. 
utheastern and southern States, from South Carolina, Curtis, Ravenel, Hb. norm. 89, to Florida, Cha 
Hb. norm. 90, Alabama, Bigelow, and Louisiana, Hale ; fl. Sept. r. Oct. —Similar to the next but with oak 
smaller flowers, long protruding pyramidal capsule, slender stamens inconstant in number, and larger seeds. Rigid 
cespitose stems “ from a thick and creeping rhizoma” (Chapman) ; panicles in most of the specimens before me 2-6 
inches in length and quite contracted, the principal branch of the panicle being often strictly erect and quite elongated, 
—in others more open; fruit-heads 2~4 lines in diameter, with 2-4 or 5 flowers ; flowers 1} lines long, with very un- 
equal strongly nerved sepals ; Pe much longer, sometimes twice as long as flowers, regularly pyramidal from an 
oval base, deep red brown or almost black. The number of stamens is quite variable, but more frequently 3 than 
6; in 40 flowers of eight different pelea from all the localities mentioned above, I have found only 4 with 6, 9 
- with 5, 11 with 4, and 16 with 3 stamens, and in no instance did all the flowers of one plant exhibit the same number 
of stamens. Seeds, without the appendages, 0.45-0.50 line long, their length being equal to 24 or 23 diameters ; 
appendages straw-colored or white, upper one mostly as long or longer than the seed, lower one stouter and shorter, as 
is usually the case in the appendages of Juncus seeds ; whole seeds with the tails 1-1} lines long; strixe of seed very 
numerous and close, — This may possibly be the same as J. trigonocarpus, Steud. Glum. 2, p. 308, of which I have not 
been able to obtain a specimen or a satisfactory description. 
46. J. ASPER, n. sp. : caulibus (bipedalibus et ultra) cespitosis teretibus cum foliis papilloso-asperatis ; 
icule composite seu decomposite ramis erecto-patulis ; capitulis pauci-(2-6)floris; sepalis late jeiscliscceha tells 
rigidis multinerviis lev te interioribus meine stamina 6 duplo superantibus ; antheris late linearibus filamentum 
late subulatum fere equantibus; ovario lanceolato in stylum eo breviorem abeunte, stigmatibus exsertis; capsula ovato- 
oblonga sursum auld rostrata rufo- vel virescenti-fusca lucida semitriloculari sepala vix excedente seminibus 
majuseuis ovato-oblongis costato-lineolatis — ar rane 
where it was found many years ago, at Quakerbridge, Pickering in Hb. Ac. 
Philad., Diane rediscovered within the tiie ie years “in a sphagnous swamp at Griffit av 63 miles so 
east of Philadelphia where it grows with several forms of J. Canadensis,” C. E, Smith, Hb. norm. 91 ; ee at t [479] 
Quakerbridge, C, F. Parker ; flowering in August and in fruit in September. —An sataveaelig and well-c 
acterized species, closely allied to the last ones, with which it has in common the longer inner sepals and the tailed 
seeds; distinguished from them by its rough stem and leaves, its large flowers with 6 large stamens, and its large dark 
seeds with (usually) purplish tails. —Roughness is a rare character in the genus Juncus, which I find noticed only in 
the South American J. rudis, Kunth, and the Portuguese J. rugosus, Steud. ; in these the flowers are smooth just as in 
our species, while in J. falcatus the stem and leaves are smooth and only the flowers rough (see p. 452). All parts of 
this plant are very rigid, the stems 17-25 feet high, the panicle 2 or 3-6 or 7 inches long, less in expansion ; 0 
heads 4-6 lines in diameter, usually with 3-5, sometimes only with 2 flowers; flowers 23 ie long or more 3 capsu 
equalling or scarcely exceeding the rigid and sharp-pointed green or dakish tipped sepals ; outer sepals jnidistideddy 
5-nerved, inner ones (at least in the dry state) strongly 7-nerved ; capsule tough and hard, reddish or greenish brown, 
at base completely, upwards partially 3-celled ; seeds 0.5-0.6 line long, their ee being nearly equal to half their 
length, the lower appendage thick and usually short, the upper one not quite as long as the seed itself; whole seed, 
with the tail, about 1} lines long; side of seed with 12 or 14 ribs, and ‘ecity distinetly cross-lineolate. 
47. J. Mertenstanus, Bong. Veg. Sitch. in Mem. Ac. St. Petersb., ser. 6, vol. 2 (1833), 167, ex Kunth, 1. c. 
361: caulibus e rhizomate crasso repente cespitosis humilioribus (spithameis pedalibus) compressis debilibus ; vaginis 
foliorum averse compressorum auriculatis ; floribus pluribus (15-25) fusco-atris pedicellatis in eapitulum lasiee singu- 
lum seu rarius is ternave aggregatis spatha brevioribus ; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis, exterioribus acuminato- a 
interioribus senate pale: hobshiagenusi anemia — s seu — ee equantibus acutis, stami 3-6) 
superantibus capsula antheris oblongis seu or ning 
linearibus seepissime prema y Saab cai seu pee brevioribus ; stylo quam ovarium obtusum plarniane 
— seminibus Se fusiformibus utrumque breviter caudatis reticulato-costatis, areis lineolatis. 
— icant Bor. Am. 2, 191; Gray in Pl. Hall & Harb. 1. c. 
r. B. pa eet caule elatiore geet vaginis vix auriculatis ; capitulis (6-9) minoribus (10-15- 
Hee in pana compositam disposit 
the islands of the Hucboat ae Sitcha, Mertens, Unalaschka, Chamisso, to the Cascade Moun- [480] 
Salen Lyall, and Rocky Mountains, Drummond, ond, Big Horn Mountains, Hayden, Medicine Bow Mountains, H. 
Engelmann, and southward to Colorado, Hall é Harbour, 565, Huerfano Valley, C. C. Parry, and to the Californian 
Sierras, H. Bolander, at the Mono Pass, Hb. norm. 92; var. 8. in the northern Rocky Mountains, Bourgeau. 
With some hesitation I refer the Rocky Mountain plant, of which I have numerous and well-preserved speci- 
mens before me, to J. Mer‘ensianus of the Northwest coast, the authentic specimens of which, at my disposal, are 
34 
