272 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
Page 449. J. Greenii. Dr. Bigelow’s Detroit specimens, Hb. norm. 19, are 2-23 feet high, taller and stouter than 
those found on the coast, Massachusetts; H. Mann, Hb. norm, 18, Maine, E. Tuckerman. — Both species hold their 
own perfectly well, and can always be readily distinguished by the characters given above ; J. Vaseyt is also a much 
more slender plant and flowers earlier, maturing its fruit, near Detroit, in the beginning of J uly, when the other is just 
in flower. 
Page 450. J. tenuis. A form with long spathes, most specimens tall, is Hb. norm. 20, from Pennsylvania, Porter. 
An pr, ty even taller, with the flowers often one-sided, is 21, from Illinois, Hall ; 22 is the var. congestus, from Cali- 
fornia, Kelloyg, unfortunately in too few specimens ; 23 is var. secwndus, from Pennsylvania, Porter 
ichotomus has been found as far north as Delaware and New Jersey, Leidy, Commons, ss Hb. norm. 
24, nd others, Mr. Ravenel sends from South Carolina a taller form, Hb. norm. 25, and a smaller, few-flowered 
one, 26. 
Page 451. J. eaten aR Mann, Hb. norm. 27. 
J. bufonius, Hb. , is an t form from the coast region of California, Bolander. — Prof. E. Hilgard 
found on the sandy tial of Ship Island in in ots Mississippi Sound the var. Aeeomirale with perfectly smooth seeds ; 
specimens of the same sent by Lindheimer from Galveston show extremely slight mar 
26. b. J. TRIFORMIS, n. sp.: caule annuo brevissimo folioso ramuloso ; piatsacitn aE a ee 
numerosis ($—4 pollicaribus) folia brevia filiformia supra canaliculata apicem versus plana longe ex ; floribus 
paucis capitellatis vel singulis; sepalis lanceolato-subulatis equilongis capsulam ovatam eid RATT: 2-3 
locularem fere sequantibus ; seminibus ovatis obtusis breviter apiculatis tenuiter pauci-costatis et transverse lineolatis. 
Var. a. stylosus: planta major (2-4-pollicaris) ; capitulis 3-5-floris ; sepalis stamina et capsulam longius mucro- 
natam paulo excedentibus ; antheris longe-linearibus filamento plusquam duplo longioribus ; stylo ovario ovato pluries 
longiore exserto, stigmatibus elongatis. 
Var. 8. brachystylus: planta minor (1-2-pollicaris) ; floribus binis ternis rarius singulis; sepalis stamina [493] 
fere duplo superantibus ; antheris oblongis filamento bis brevioribus ; stylo brevissimo cum stigmatibus brevi- 
bus set eapsula calycem eequante vel vix excedente obtusa jhiseladteies mucronulata. 
 y uni : planta minima ($-1-pollicaris) ; floribus nee suffultis singulis plerumque dimeribus 
(sepalis ’ staminibus stigmatibus carpellisque binis). — J. saginoides, p. 4 
California, from the coast to the mountains ; var. a. Yosemite Lie alt. 4,000 feet, Bolander, Hb. norm. 30 ; 
flowers July ; var. 8. Ukiah, Aaidsctes ii. the same, Hb. norm. 31, flowers May, also ‘‘ Fort Bragg, near the 
coast ” (1-3-flowered) ; var. y. Sierra Nevada, among mosses, Hillebrand ; upper Tuolumne River, Bolander, and in the 
lowlands, Anderson Valley, the same, Hb. norm. 32 ; flowers April and Ma 
curious and suggestive little plant, which must considerably sasitelshdien our confidence in certain characters, 
considered of specific value, already shaken by the variations of other species from the same wonderful country ; it 
proves that the singleness or plurality of flowers on the peduncle, the number of their parts, and, if my view is correct, 
even the proportion of stamens and styles, are not sufficient to establish specific distinction. The first points are 
established beyond a doubt by some of Mr. Bolander’s specimens from the mountain region, intermediate between B. 
and y. with one or two flowers, and often with a dimerous and trimerous one in the same inflorescence. Var. a. may be 
considered a distinct species by those that hold its differential characters to be of paramount importance; but the simi- 
larity of the whole appearance of the plants and of most of their parts, and, above all, the absolute identity of the well- 
marked seeds, convince me that it must be united with the others, and that eventually intermediate forms will dispel 
all doubts. 
Only the small dimerous form was known to me when the first part of this paper went to press, and was 
then considered as the type of a distinct subgenus, Juncellus, allied through its single-flowered stems to Rostkovia, and 
distinguished by its dimerism from any other known Juncus (see pp. 426, 428 and 436). Mr. Bolander, however, has 
since discovered other forms of this plant which bear trimerous flowers, thus assimilating it to the ordinary form of 
Junct and more particularly to the European J. capitatus, and destroying the subgenus Juncellus. I am now con- 
vinced that it must be placed with its European ally near J. marginatus, in the section Graminet, the dimerous variety 
constituting an anomaly not otherwise observed in this genus, but again found among the allied Restiace tiacee an 
Eriocaulonee, where dimerism and trimerism occur in the same genus, — whether in the same species, is unknown [494] 
to me. 
In all the forms of this little plant the leaves are 2-12 lines long and } line wide, filiform, but fleshy, on their 
lower part strongly carinate below and grooved above, flattened towards the tip; axillary stems, or properly peduncles, 
with one or two leaves at their base, naked upwards and much longer than the leaves, bearing at the apex 1-5 or 6 
flowers in the axils of membranaceous bracts, half as long as the sepals or smaller ; Sowa 1-1} lines long ; sepals 
green with red, outer ones sharp-pointed, i inner ones rather broader ; seeds 0.23-0.28 line long, their length Pritt 
equal to 1} or 1} diameters ; 4 or 5 faint ribs visible and between them a well-marked sgracnbeise: Treen The 
