196 CACTACEA OF THE BOUNDARY. 
interlocking, extremely rigid and acute, variegated, the latest ones of each season being rose-colored, and the earliest 
ones a pale yellowish, thiv forming variegated rings around the stem ; lateral spines 3-4} lines long, lower one 2 lines 
long, upper ones still shorter. Piers near the depressed vertex, just on the outer edge of the rounded top, 
23-3 inches long, plage or purple. Fruit subglobose, nearly an inch jong, pulpy and edible ; the fleshy part of 
the stem is also eaten by the inhabitants, who call this plant “cabeza del viejo.” Seed (uot quite ripe) 0.6 line 
long, strongly sabetenlad closely resembling that of C. cespitosus. 
I can distinguish this plant from C. pectinatus only by the greater rigidity and thickness of the radial and the 
entire absence of the central spines. The forms allied to C. pectinatus are very difficult to distinguish, and it is quite 
probable that they may run into one another, as Dr. Poselger—who has seen thousands of them in Texas and northern 
Mexico — is inclined to think. I find that C. pectinatus has always a distinct single inferior spine, which is only a 
little shorter than the lower lateral spines ; while OC. cespitosus has generally several of the lowest spines much shorter 
and weaker than the lateral ones. C. adustus, the flower of which is not yet known, has fewer ribs, oval areola, and 
the lowest spine much as in C. pectinatus. 
6. C. czspitosus, E. in Plant. Lindh., which extends from the Arkansas River to Saltillo, has been found by 
Mr. Wright as far west as the Nueces and the San Pedro. The loose darkish wool and slender bristles on the extremely 
numerous (80-100) pulvilli of the flower-tube, and especially the position of these pulvilli,— not in the axil, but con- 
siderably above it, on the sepal, just below its foliaceous tip, — distinguish this species from the nearly allied 
. pectinatus, as well as from all other Echinoceret known to me. This structure of the sepals seems to imitate and 
explain the morphology of the tubercles in Mamillaria, demonstrating them not to be a branch or an axis, but the 
fleshy petiole of an abortive or depauperate leaf, which sometimes is indicated by an indistinct scale above the fasciculus 
of gore or by the point of the tubercle of an Anhalonium. 
is species has 12~18 ribs, 20-30 radial spines, rarely with 1 or 2 central ones here and there ; flower 2-3 inches 
in sisdiine ter; petals sometimes though rarely curly, as in our figure, mostly plain ; stigmata 12-18; fruit 9-10 lines 
long, oval, guatralty bursting irregularly ; seed 0.6-0.7 line long, obovate, oblique, sometimes almost globose, very 
strongly tuberculated, with an oval hilum. The name C. cespitosus, which would apply much better to a number of 
other species of this section, was given before any of these were known. It not inaptly represents a common state of 
the plant when it makes 5-12 heads, but not rarely it is almost or quite simple. (Tab. XLIIIL.-XLIV.) 
C, LONGISETUS, sp. nov.: subsimplex, ovato-cylindricus ; costis 11-14 Se a tuberculatis ; areolis 
orbiculatis ; aculeis setaceis cctitbas albis patulis, radialibus 18-20 rectis basi bul rpressis, superioribus [33] 
tenuioribus brevioribus, inferioribus en ein. centralibus 5-7 ot gonad ith iteriadel radialibus vix 
Jongiores 1-3 inferiores elongati divaricati deflexi seepe flexuosi. (Tab. X 
ntains about Santa Rosa, in * Godhiailn (Bigelow). — Stems inlet or ; somewhat branching at base, 2-3 inches 
in pe 6-9 inches high ; ribs fewer, more distinctly tuberculated, and less compressed than in most other species, 
and easily distinguished thereby. and by the orbicular areolx, from the otherwise similar-looking, pale-spined forms of 
C. chloranthus. Upper radial spines 2-3 lines, lowest and lateral ones 6-7 lines long ; upper ‘itera spines hardly 
longer than these ; lower central ones always 3 in well-developed plants, 14-2 or even 2} inches long. Flower and 
fruit of this poe and pretty plant as yet unknown ; the former said to be red. Name from the length and 
slenderness of the s 
8. C. Revert, sp. nov. : ovato-cylindricus ; costis 10-13 interruptis ; areolis ovato-orbiculatis subconfertis ; 
aculeis e basi bulbosa subulatis rubellis apice obscuris demum cinereis, exterioribus 8-15 additis seepe supra aculeis 
setaceis, lateralibus longioribus, infimo singulo breviore ; ; aculeis centralibus 2-5 robustioribus plerumque sub- 
brevioribus ; floribus sub vertice lateralibus magnis purpureis ; ovarii pulvillis 20-24 aculeolos 10-15 albidos fuscatosve 
gerentibus ; sepalis tubi inferioribus aculeoligeris sub-15  triangulari-lanceolatis, superioribus 8-10 oblanceolatis 
spathulatis ; petalis 8-12 spathulatis ; tubo intus basi nudo; stigmatibus 10-12 viridibus suberectis stamina numero- 
sissima brevia longe superantibus ; bacca subglobosa ; seminibus oblique obovatis compressis ineequali 
subscrobiculatisque, hilo basilari parvo oblongo. (Tab. XLI. fig. 3-5.) , Ss 
Sandhills south of El Paso (Bigelow); near El Paso or Frontera (Wright). Flowers April. — A single living 
specimen, preserved in the Congressional Garden in Washington, is 5 inches high and 2} in diameter, and has 12 ribs. 
Areole in this and the dried specimens are 4-6 lines apart. Lower lateral spines 5-7 or 8 lines Jong, lowest one & 
little shorter, upper ones 2-3 lines in length; central spines usually only 4-6 lines long, rarely one or the other ne 
always stouter than the others, and with very thick and bulbous bases. Flowers 23-3 inches long, purple, very smut 
to the flower of @. Fendleri or C. enneacanthus ; fruit 8-10 lines long and eed a in diameter ; seeds 0.7 line long, 
in pee irregularly tuberculated ; tubercles here and there somewhat co 
arrangement of its spines this species considerably resembles 0. Hissin 
it Ty sig variety of that species ; but it differs from it by the smaller number o 
spines, —which place it almost intermediate between the Pectinati and the Decaloph, 
us, and I have formerly taken 
f ribs, the fewer and stouter 
—the red flower, the small 
