212 CACTACEA OF THE BOUNDARY. 
middle-sized or (in the two last species) quite small. The fruit is unarmed, somewhat fleshy or leathery, rarely [56] 
pulpy, throwing off the dead flower, or very rarely retaining it. In a few species it is dry and spiny. 
T7. ECHINOCARPA, E. & B. in Pacif. Rail. Rep., Var. 8. Mayor: elatior ; articulis elongatis basi attenuatis : 
tuberculis ghicage' Wheattbass ; setis tenuibus penicillatis; aculeis longioribus lexite yaginatis paucioribus ; eit 
glo seu basi clavata pulvillos pauciores gerente. 
In the deserts on both sides of the Colorado and in Sonora (Schott). — This form looks very different from the 
plant collected by Dr. Bigelow, and described in the Report of Captain Whipple ; but the very peculiar seeds which 
fortunately have been obtained by both collectors prove them to be identical. Dr. Bigelow’s plant is a low straggling 
shrub ; but Mr. Schott’s is 4 or 5 feet high, with divaricate branches, joints 8-10 inches long, with elongated 
tubercles (6-9 lines in length), fine long bristles; and longer spines with looser sheaths. The 4 central larger spines 
are 1-1? inch long; the 4~8 radiating = tag on the contrary, shorter. The fruit is longer, and bears only about 
25 pulvilli, as ssiny as in the original for 
18. O. serPEenTINA, E. in Sillim. Journ. 1852: diffusa; ramis elongatis subverticillatis divaricatis adscen- 
dentibus ; _tuberculis prominentibus ovatis ; : pulvillis ulbido-setosis ; aculeis 7-9 vaginatis albidis seu Tufescentibus 
ere 
10 late obovatis breviter cuspidatis ; petalis sub-5 obovatis integriusculis mucronatis ; stigmatibus 8 erectis ; bacca 
sicca subhemispherica villosa aculeatissima late et profunde umbilicata flore emarcido seepe coronata. 
Dry hills near San Diego, California (Parry); generally nearer the sea-coast than O. prolifera, and not gregarious, 
nor so common as that species (Schott). — Stems 1-1} inch in diameter, suberect, 4~5 feet high, or almost prostrate ; 
joints 6-12 inches long, 3-1} inch thick, somewhat verticillate, divaricate ; spines 3-9 nia, long, sheathed, light- 
yellowish or rusty, upper ones stellate-divaricate, lower one closely deflexed. A single flower was collected by 
Mr. Schott in October : it is not quite 1} inch wide, the ovary depressed, about 8 lines high, with 20 areolz bearing 
dirty-yellowish wool, yellow bristles, and 5-7 reddish-brown sheathed spines, 2-4 lines in length ; sepals externally 
yellowish-green tinged with purple, even the lower ones unusually obtuse or short cuspidate ; petals rounded, scarcel 
9 lines long, yellow above, red at tip, ascending and forming a-cup-shaped corolla; stigmata (green ?) 2 lines long. 
Fruit pial, deeply and broadly umbilicate, yellowish-brown, very spiny, sand “long woolly.” 
19. O. protirera, E, 1. c.: caule arborescente ; ramis numerosis_horizontalibus divaricatissimis ; articulis 
ovatis seu ovato-cylindricis tumidis fragilibus versus ramorum apicem congestis perviridi bus, oe iba us demum 
refractis brunneis; tuberculis cbovato-oblongis prominulis ; pulvillis ovatis tomentosis, vetustioribus stramineo-setosis ; 
aculeis 8-10 Sheackiia stramineo-seu vito-vaginatis, singulo subcentrali, cxteris patulis stellatis, tuhecasbns brevioribus; 
flore rubro; sepalis late ovatis; petalis oblongo-obovatis; stigmatibus erectis; bacca ovata umbilicata aculeolata 
sepissime Sterilé proliferaq ue 
arid hills about Secs Diego, California, near dry beds of streams, forming impassable and extensive thickets 
(Parry, Schott). — These thickets are likened by Mr. Schott to unapproachable coral reefs. Stem 2-4 and sometimes 
even 6-7 inches thick, and 3-10 feet high; the wood forms a reticulated hollow tube, with short meshes, which in old 
plants finally become obliterated. The tumid joints are 3-6 inches long, 14-2 inches in diameter, clustered at 
the end of the branches; the younger ones easily break off and stick to the skin of men or animals. The [57] 
tubercles are obovate, narrowed below, and about 6 lines in length, arranged in 5 or 8 spirals; areolz oval, 
somewhat immersed, with bunches of fine straw-colored bristles at the upper edge. Spines very variable, always with 
large loose sheaths: in a specimen before me I find 7-8 radiating spines, the upper ones and the central one equal, 
ieouk 12-14 lines long, the lower ones 6-8 lines long, with a few still smaller ones below; in other specimens the 
upper spines are reduced in size or are wanting. Flowers dark-red, salverform, about 1} inch in diameter, Fruit said 
to be epinnlose, but always abortive, — as Dr. "Pany has often satisfied himself, — and usually proliferous. 
somewhat resembles 0. arborescens, but is easily distinguished by the short and tumid joints, short 
tubercles, spiny fruit, etc. The alliance with the next species and with O. Bigelovit is much closer, They represent 
the same type east of the California mountains that this does on the Pacific coast; just as 0. echinocarpa in the 
Colorado valley represents another type, which has on the coast its representative in O. serpentina. 
20. O. FULGIDA, sp. nov.: caule erecto arborescente flexuoso; ramis divaricatis ; articulis ovatis seu ovato- 
ovatis cuspidatis ; pulvillis pulvinatis ovatis tomentosis setas pallide stramineas et aculeos 7-9 subaquales laxe 
vaginatos undique porrectos stellatos gerentibus; floris parvi purpurei ovario ovato pulvillis 25-30 albo-tomentosis 
predito setis aculeisque destituto ; sepalis tubi 8-10 orbiculatis obtusis crenulatis; petalis 8, exterioribus cuneatis 
retusis crenulatis, intimis fancaulatts acutis cetera superantibus ; stigmatibus 5 erectis ; bacca ovata pulposa vix 
tuberculata plane umbilicata = sterili et fasciculatim Piers seminibus parvis irregulariter angulatis 
Tostratis anguste commissuratis regularit (Tab. LX XV. fig. 18.) 
guiar glLeL 
