230 CACTACEZ OF SIMPSON’S EXPEDITION. 
This species is further interesting because it again nego: proves that the vii appearance, the [438] 
habitus, of a cactus plant not necesaly indicates its real affinities. Not only is it a true Echinocact 
notwithstanding every appearance of a Mamillaria, but it is moreover closely allied in all its essential chueaiel to 
the very compact E. intertextus, Engelm., moe. Mex. Bound., p. 27, tab. 34, in which all traces of tubercles are lost 
in the straight ribs. It has the same small flowers and the same small dry fruit, containing few large seeds, of similar 
structure, though not entirely the same arrangement of the spines. 
ull-zrown specimens of our plant are 3-5 inches high and 3-4 inches in diameter, of dark green color, 
tubercles loosely arranged in ,8; or $4 order, 8 and 13 spirals being most prominent; they are 6-8 lines long, at base 
somewhat quadrangular, 6-7 lines wide in the vertical and 4-5 iiss in the transverse diameter, becoming subcylindric 
upward ; areola 3-4 lines long, a little more than half as wide; the fruit-bearing tubercles are rather stouter and 
shorter. Exterior spines 4-6 lines long, whitish ; interior ones spreading, stouter, and a little longer (5-7 lines long), 
yellowish, and upward deep brown or black ; no truly central spine. In the very young plant the spines — 18-20 in 
number and only 1-14 lines in length —are all radiating, closely fitting with their compressed bulbous bases on a 
linear areola, resembling in deape and arrangement those of Cereus cespitosus. Soon afterward the areola becomes 
wider, and 6 or 8 short, stout, brown interior spines make their appearance, divergent like the original ones ; next the 
ordinary arrangement, as described above, takes place. 
ms that quite early in spring the young tubercles on the vertex of the plant begin to form, exhibiting their 
densely woolly tops ; and soon afterward, long before any spines make their appearance, the tips of the smooth brown 
flower-buds come out. The flowers are 8-10 lines long and of nearly the same diameter, externally greenish-purple ; 
petals yellowish-green or verging to pale purple. The short stamens arise from the whole surface of the tube, leaving 
only a very small nectariferous space in its base. The fruit is about 3 or 3} lines long and almost as wide, borne on a 
very large circular areola, surrounded by a woolly margin (see tab. 2, fig. 1). It bears toward its top 1-3 scales, some- 
times with 1 or 2 small spines in their axils, The fruit usually opens by an irregular lateral slit ; falling off, its base 
remains attached to the areola, as is ae case in many (or all? or only all the dry-fruited 7) Echinocacti, thus produe- 
ing a basal opening (see tab. 2, fig. 5). Seeds 14 line long in the longest diameter, covered with minute close-set 
tubercles : the young seedling i erect, pointed cotyledons, and when a few weeks old begins to develop its 
pubescent spines. 
ar. 8. has been received this fall from the Colorado gold region. The smallest specimens were 1 inch in 
diameter, globose; the small tubercles in 8 order; spines 14-2 Feu long, often curved, sometimes 1-3 darker 
stouter ones in the centre. The larger specimens are almost of the size of those of Utah, but often depressed at top ; 
tubercules arranged in 4% or even 2} order ; spines only 4-5 lines long, 20-28 external and 6 or 7 internal ones. This 
species has been named in honor of the gallant commander of the expedition. 
PUBISPINUS, sp. nov. :® parvulus, turbinatus, costis 13 subobliquis compressis interruptis tuberculatis; [439] 
areolis orbiculatis, aculeis brevibus, rectis seu seepe curvatis albidis apice adustis velutinis demum nudatis, 
radialibus superioribus 1-2 robustioribus, longioribus rectis curvatis seu hamatis, ceteris 5-8 brevioribus ; aculeo 
ntrali ses seu singulo robustiore longi arrecto sursum hamato ; flore ?; 
; tut. 
easant Valley, near the Salt Lake Desert ; found May 9 without flower or fruit. Plant 2 inches high, 
lor 1} a diameter ; compressed tubercles 4-6 lines distant from one another, confluent in 13 ribs. Radial spines 
1-4 lines long, white pubescent or almost tomentose, more so than I have observed in any other cactus. On the lower 
areole I find only 5-6 spines, the upper ones a little longer and stouter than the balance ; farther upward the number 
increases to 10, one or more of the upper ones becoming still stouter and often hooked ; at last here and there a single 
central spine makes its appearance, 5-6 lines long, the strong hook always turned inward or upward. At first only 
the dusky point of the spine is naked ; with age the whole coating seems to wear off. In another specimen I find the 
spines $-12 in number, a little longer, more slender, all radiating. The small supraspinal areola proves this plant to be 
an Echinocactus ; it probably belongs, together with the next, to the section Hamati, Synops. Cact., p. 15. 
E. Warretet, Engelm. & Bigelow, Pacif. Rail. Rep. IV. Cact., p. 28, tab. 1; Synops. Cact., p. 15. Var. SPINo- 
sion: globosus; costis 13 compressis interruptis, aculeis radialibus 9-11, inferioribus sepe obscuricribus, 
reliquis longioribus niveis, 2 superioribus swpe elongatis complanatis curvatis ; centralibus 4, summo elongato [440] 
complanato pergamentaceo flexuoso albo, 3 reliquis paulo brevioribus obseuris omnibus seu solum in imo 
hamatis ; floribus minoribus ; ovario squamis sepaloideis 5 oblongis munito ; sepalis tubi linearibus margine membra- 
naceis integris mucronulatis, petalis angustis oblongis; stigmatibus 6-7 ravibus in capitulum globosum congestis 5 
bacea ovata parce squamata floris rudimentis persistentibus coronata. 
* It here grows and thrives, probably at a higher elevation 5 This description has _ published in Trans. St. Lape 
than any other northern Cactus, occupying, e. g., the gravelly Acad,, Vol. II. p. 199 (1863). It is rather strange that 
moraines of the glacial period of Clear Creek Valley, between neither this nor the above-mentioned Z. papyracanthus has 
8,000 and 9,000 feet altitude, and, in the southern part of ever been found again (January, 1876). 
the Territory, the Sangre de Cristo Pass, 10,000 feet high. 
