242 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS. 
The delicate markings of the seeds are so various, and in the same species so constant, that it 
will be useful to dwell a little longer on them. Their surface appears never quite, and rarely nearly, 
smooth, when magnified fifty or sixty times. We can almost always discover longitudinal ribs, more 
or less close together, from 8 or 12 to 30 or 40 or more around the seed; as it is difficult to count 
the ribs all around these small bodies, and as an approximate designation is quite sufficient, only the 
number visible on one side may be counted. These ribs are very marked, sharply elevated, in J. 
marginatus (semina costata), or they are reduced to more delicate lines in J. Canadensis and most 
tail-seeded species (semina multicostata and striato-costata). These ribs or lines are usually united 
by very delicate transverse lines (/ineolw), when such seeds may be termed costato-lineolata, or by 
fewer and more prominent cross-bars: semina costato-reticulata. 
When the ribs are fewer and wider apart, and united by transverse ridges so as to form some- 
what rectangular meshes, I call the seeds semina reticulata. The area of these meshes is sometimes 
quite smooth (J. militarzs), or crossed with very few transverse or longitudinal lines (/. sevrpoides): 
semina areis levibus reticulata; or it is distinctly marked by numerous delicate transverse lines, 
sometimes, also, with one or two perpendicular lines: semina areis lineolatis reticulata. In very few 
instances I find an irregular and indistinct reticulation: semina irrequlariter sub-reticulata. 
A large number of Junci exhibit a very delicate but regular transverse reticulation 
without (in fully ripe seeds) very distinct ribs: semina lineolata. In some species the [432] 
marks are coarser, in others more delicate. 
We divide the seeds, then, into semina reticulata, lineolata, and costata; to both the former 
belong the tailless, to the latter the tailed seeds. 
arrange all the species, the seeds of which I have been able to study, according to their 
surface markings, in the following table. Our species are in italics, the foreign ones in Roman 
type:— 
I. SEMINA RETICULATA, vix seu distincte apiculata. 
i mg levissime irregulariter fermen seu leviuscula, non costata nec lineolata. Omnes e Juncorum genuinorum sectione. 
Pacificus, compressus, filiform ithit, 
2. ae regulariter reticulata, areis ee seu levissime longitudinaliter lineolatis. Nostrates e Juncorum articulatorum 
sectione, pauct exotict graminifolit. 
J. militaris, Elliottii, scirpoides, pheocephalus ; J. Tasmanicus,? squarrosus, capitatus. 
3. Semina regulariter Teticulata, areis tenuiter transverse lineolatis. Omnesad J. articulatos pertinent, 
J. pelocarpus, articulatus, — , pullescens, Bolanderi, pecan nodusus, xiphioides, Mertensianus ; J. sylvaticus, 
atratus, = Oloonentg ciekohadian, oxycarpus, supinus, Leschenau 
II. SEMINA TRANSVERSE LINEOLATA, levissime costata ; vix seu distincte apiculata seu breviter caudata. 
1, Semina areis latioribus fere transverse reticulata, 2. Juncorum genuinoruin et graminifoliorum sectionibus. 
: i , dichotomus, 
2. Semina areis angustissimis transverse lineolata. E. Juncorum genuinorum et graminifoliorum sectionibus et Juncelli 
cies unica. 
J. effusus, patens, tenuis, Gerardi, bufonius, repens, saginoides ; J. glaucus, pauciflorus, bulbosus. 
lif. Semrna costata, plus minus caudata, 
1. Semina inter costas plerumque pauciores conspicuas lineolata ; apiculata seu breviter caudata. E. Juncorum genuinorum et 
gramin ese sectioni: 
. Remerianus, acutus, eearpbiating longistylis, Buckleyi ; J. maritimus. 
2. Semina inter costas plures distincte reticulata ; soe seu plus minus caudata. Ex omnibus Juncorum sectionibus. 
J. arcticus, Drummondii, Hallii, biglumis, Greenii, Canadensis, var. sub-caudatus 
3. Semina inter costas numerosissimas tenues seu Saisadine transverse lineolata seu levia; caudata. Ex omnibus Juncorum 
J. Parryi, Vaseyi, triglumis, castaneus, stygius, trifidus, Canadensis, caudatus, asper ;' J. Jacquini. 
It will be observed that in this arrangement some forms which I consider as belonging to one 
specific type had to be separated ; thus, the Pacific form has been removed from J. Balticus, and the 
2 The Tasmanian J. falcatus, which I consider a distinct species. 
