NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF JUNCUS, 245 
b. Caudati. . 
* Hexandri (No. 43, 3-6-andrus). 
42. J. asper, n. sp., New Jersey. 
43. J. caudatus, aia South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 
* * Triandri. 
44, J. bonne Gay. 2 
. brevicaudatus (J. acuminatus, Gray). S) 
A. coarctatus, Pennsylvania, northward and northwestward. 5 
ae ie Pennsylvania to western New York and Ohio zs 
B. bahonadetus Connecticut to Geo 
y: longicaudatus (J. paradoxus, Gray i itchahia southward to Louisiana, and northwestward to Minnesota. 
B. Ensifolii, foliis iridaceis compressis equitantibus. 
45. J. Mertensianus, Bong., Rocky Mountains northwestward to the coast. 
46. J. xiphioides, E. Me 
auratus, California 
B. littoralis, path 1 
y- montanus, y Mountains and eastw age into the plains. S 
6 macranthus, ate and to the northwest c 4 
e triandrus (J. ensifolius, Wick.), California pe Chistaiehkic S 
47. J. oxymeris, n. sp., Califo nia. = 
48. J. phoocephalus, n. sp., Califo ria. 
49, J. chlorocephalus, n. sp., California. 
Sus-cenus II. JUNCELLUS. 
50. J. saginoides, n. sp., California. 
*"SATIGONA 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Of the fifty species above enumerated, thirty-three, or two-thirds, are peculiar to our [437] 
country, and seventeen, or one-third, occur also in other parts of the world. Two of these 
seventeen (J. effusus and bufonius) are cosmopolitan species, which are found in almost all countries 
of our globe; six (J. arcticus, trifidus, biglumis, triglumis, stygius, and castaneus) are alpine or arctic 
forms, which also inhabit appropriate localities in the old world; three (J. acutus, Balticus, and 
Gerardi) grow principally near salt water, and also occur in Europe, and the former, also, in Africa 
and South America; three others (J. filiformis, articulatus, and alpinus) make their home in the 
northern parts of the northern hemisphere; one (J. tenuis) is also found in middle America and 
western Europe; and two extend southward over our limits, J. compressus into Mexico, and J. 
procerus, if our plant is correctly referred, to Chili. 
The different forms of J, Balticus, nodosus, and Canadensis, grow in different regions. The 
eastern and northern J. Baltieus is distinct from the form of the interior plains, and very much so 
from that of the Pacific coast ; the Texan form of J. nodosus is very different from the northern one, 
and that of the western States and Territories is quite unlike the others; J. Canadensis has a 
northern, an eastern, and a third form, which is more generally distributed. 
None of the eight southern species are found anywhere else, and of the nine Pacific species only 
the two above mentioned extend beyond our territory to other parts of America, adding another 
proof of the well-known fact, that of all our Floras that of the southern and that of the Pacific 
States are the most peculiar and exclusive ones. 
From their geographical distribution our species may be arranged thus : — 
1. Over the whole country grow J. effusus, tenuis, bufonius, and nodosus. Of these only the 
last one does not extend into other Floras. 
2. Over the whole country, with the exception of the western plains and mountains, and the 
Pacific slope: J. marginatus and pallescens, both peculiarly North American. 
3. Over the whole country, with the exception of the great interior valley and the Pacific 
region: J. pélocarpus and Canadensis, both only found in North America. 
