340 THE AMERICAN JUNIPERS OF SECTION SABINA. 
Mexico, Ehrenberg and others ; Coulter, 1419; Saltillo, ited 432, a shrub, 10 feet high. — Well distinguished by 
its — branchlets and acute, mostly somewhat spwondivier leav 
. J. OCCIDENTALIS, Hook. : A shrub, or mostly a small tree ‘Gs Oregon of the largest dimensions) with shreddy 
bark a pale reddish-yellow wood ; closely appressed leaves in 3’s or often in pairs, obtuse or acutish, delicately fringed 
on the edges; anther-scales obtusish or short-cuspidate ; berries 4~5 lines in diameter, with 1 or more seeds. — Hook. 
Fl. Bor. Am. 2, 166 (1840) ; Parl. 1. c. 489. (See Fig. 
Var. a. PLEIOSPERMA With straighter, stouter haanebiels, leaves almost always in 3’s; berries larger (4-5 lines 
diam.), very resinous, deep black-blue, with 2-3 much grooved seeds. — J. excelsa, Pursh. Fl. 2, 647, not M. Bieb. 
J. Andina, Nutt. Sylv. 3, 95, t. 110. 
Oregon to the higher mountains of California, in the north sometimes a large tree (Lewis, Douglass, Newberry), 
generally smaller or bushy; if without fruit, it is not always easily distinguished from J. Californica, which Parlatore 
unites with it; the margin of the leaf is much like that of var. Utahensis of that species, but the fruit is very different. 
ar. 8. MONOSPERMA, a shrub or small tree, often with eccentric layers of wood (Cafion City, Colorado), of scraggy 
growth, ge short branchlets at right angles ; leaves as often in 2’s as in 3’s ; berries smaller, with 2 or more, commonly 
only 1, less grooved seed. 
From the Pike’s Peak region of Colorado through West Texas and New Mexico to Arizona and California, where 
var. a. takes its place. — In Colorado the berries are often copper colored, as Parlatore describes those of the species, and 
in some trees the seeds protrude. 
Var. ? y. CONJUNGENS, a bush or tree 20-40 feet high, often with eccentric layers of wood; branchlets slender, 
with 4-ranked, obtuse, closely appressed, slightly dentivalats leaves ; anther-scales obtuse or slightly cuspidate ; berries 
globose, 3-4 lines thick, with 1-2 smooth or more or less tuberculate seeds. (See Fig. 5*.) 
’ West Texas, where it forms forests and is an important timber tree, “although not as large nor as easily worked 
and useful as the red cedar of the plains of Eastern Texas” (F. Lindheimer). Berlandier, 671, 2081 ; Lindheimer, 
Wright, Bigelow, Hali. — Mr. Chas. Wright found in the damp rocky woods of the mountains of Eastern Cuba a few 
individuals of a middle-sized tree, apparently very rare, of which only male specimens were obtained (PI. Cub. 3187, 
J. Virginiana, Griseb. Pl. Cub. 217), which without fruit I cannot distinguish from this Texan form ; w pa I take to 
be the same thing, has been sent from Mexico by Sartorius in Hb. Torrey,and by Aschenborn from Zima 
381, in the Berlin Herb.; the latter with small 1-seeded berries. — This form connects the northwest [591 (9)] 
J. occidentalis with the setbbiin J. tetragona, 80 that it is een difficult to clearly separate the 
6. J. TETRAGONA, Schlechtend.: A low bast with spreading branches and thick sharply meeerenns branchlets; 
leaves closely appressed, obtuse, strongly keeled, distinctly denticulate ; anther-scales obtusish, short-cuspidate ; ber- 
ries globose, dark blue-black (4-5 lines thick), 3-5 seeded, seeds angular and more or Jess grooved or pitted.— Linnea 
12, 495 (1838) ; Parlat. 1. c. 491. (See Fig. 6.) 
Var. OLIGOSPERMA, a bush or low tree ; berries smaller, with 1 or 2 more regularly formed seeds. 
Mexico, aeeal del Monte, sang Hartweg, 436, Uhde ; Orizaba, Linden. — A low shrub 3-6 feet high. The 
variety from Saltillo, Gregg, 1 0-30 feet high, with seeds somewhat similar to var. ! conjungens of the last 
species, and semanas haat ay with stouter ‘beatichlete, 
7. J. Sarna, L. ; var. PRocUMBENS, Pursh.: A prostrate shrub with appressed or slightly squarrose acute leaves 
in pairs, margin dightly or indistinctly denticulate; anther-scales obtusish, nearly entire ; berry on short recurved 
peduncles, 3—4 lines in diameter, with 1 or 2, rarely 3, often rough seeds. — Fl. 2, 647 (1816) 3 J. Sabina, Michx. FI. 
2, 246; Parlat. 1. c. 484; J. prostrata, Pers. Syn. 2, 632 ; J. repens, Nutt. Gen. 2, 245; J. Sabina, B. humilis, Hook. 
Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, 166. (See Fig. 7.) 
From Maine and New Brunswick to the shores of the Great Lakes and northward to the Hudson Bay regions; 
westward to the Yellowstone River and to British Columbia and the Pacific coast. — Michaux as well as Hooker seem 
to indicate that northward the ordinary form of J. Sabina is also found, but I have seen no specimens ; the plants 
from the localities given above are all prostrate, spreading over and closely carpeting sandy shores and rocks with 
stems up to 1 inch or more in thickness, with red heartwood and brown scaly, scarcely shreddy bark ; the branches 
extend 6-10 feet or more ; branchlets often covered with subacerose leaves, and sometimes even bearing fruit in that 
state ; but generally the fertile plants have the short, appressed leaves common to the whole section. Mr. H. Gillman 
lee of Detroit, now in Waldo, Florida — who has very attentively studied the Flora of the Upper Lake country, 
found the branches usually flattened, and with eccentric annual rings. He observed that where they recline on rocky 
soil, the lower part, touching the rock, is rubbed off, or the formation of wood there prevented ; but where they spread 
over fine sand, the lower side is protected and the upper surface undergoes.a similar process through the friction of 
wind-driven sand. He occasionally found berries even 5 lines thick, containing as many as 4 seeds. 
J. Virarntana, L.+ The largest, the widest spread, and the most useful of our American Junipers, commonly 
of iuatk form, with shreddy bark and red and aromatic heartwood ; slender 4-angled branchlets, with opposite 
