CONIFERA OF WHEELER’S EXPEDITION. 
347 
pointed and convex and often with stomata above ; cones cylindrical-oblong, retuse, 23-3 inches or 34 inches long, 
1-14 inches rae, of purplieh-brown colors bracts broadly he ryan mucronate, much shorter than the nearly orbi- 
e; purplish w 
7 
Vuliadl UL 
ings of seeds nearly twice longer than wide ; cotyledons 4-5. 
Colorado to Utah on ies higher aise and near to the teuien . extending north and northwestwardly. 
_ poor, soft, ee spongy timber, wit 
e imbedde 
ES eo Lindley ; Engelm. Trans. l. ¢ 
and aa cracked 
old ones), 2-ranked, wit when young glaucous, later pa 
branches obtuse, convex above, wigs faleate ; cones cylindrical-oblong, 
ometimes purplish-gray ; ; 
wings 0 
inches thick, mostly apple-green. 
shorter than the very broad, Coen dilated scale ; 
ee a usually 6. 
Com 
on the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. 
A tree of beautiful foliage, highly prized in cultivation ; furnishing 
s the characters already enumerated) it can always joa ily be dis- 
the epidermis of the under surface. 
and Utah ae throughout the California sierras. 
better timber than the last, from which (beside 
tinguished by the two resin-ducts of its leaves lying close to 
th paler bark than any other American species. 
n the parenchyma, about equidistant from the upper and the lower surfac 
— A large tree, 80-150 feet eh with ash-colored, at last thick 
with longer and broader leiivei ‘iad the last (in ance ae often 2-3 inches long, shorter in 
ale dull green, with st 
Ps resin-ducts of the leaves 
n both sides ; leaves on the upper 
seis e, ore ‘ities or even 5 inches sO 13-1? 
racts orbicular-ovate, mostly mucronate, m 
of seeds pale, very oblique, as long as rep ; [256] 
Thence extending through Southern Colorado 
In Colorado as well 
as in California it has often been named A, grandis, a species which properly belongs to the coast regions of Oregon 
_ Lower Columbia River, Vancouver Island, etc. 
Picea? ENGELMANNI, Hngelm. 
high, with thin, cinnamon-brown, scaly bark ; branchlets mostly pubesce 
rved in older trees (especially 
in younger, and shorter, stouter, short-pointed, and cu 
Abies Engelmannt, Parry. Pinus commutata, Parlat. — Large trees, 60-100 feet 
nt ; leaves 4-sided, slender and acute or acuminate 
in higher altitudes), with stomata 
on both sides ; cones oval or oblong, about 2 lines long, paler or purplish, falling off at maturity ; scales thin, erose-denti- 
culate, bro 
oblique wing, usually with 6 cotyledon: 
ad, with a rounded edge or — somewhat prolonged upward and truncate ; seeds half as long as the very 
n Francisco Mountains, Bischof ; Sierra Blanca, Gilbert ; Mount Graham, Rothrock (784). The most southern 
‘adits known of this northern and sub-alpine species, which extends through the Rocky Mountains to British 
Columbia and to Oregon, forming extensive forests. 
A beautiful tree, often 2 feet and even 3 feet in diameter ; timber 
similar to that of P. nigra of the Northeast and P. excelsa of Europe : above timber-line, it dwarfs down to mere shrubs 
often prostrate, but loaded with cones. 
PsEupotsuca*® Dovetastt, Carriere. Abies Douglasii, Lindl. — Often one of the tallest trees known a [257] 
favorable localities, in Oregon, even 300-350 feet high), with very thick, much cracked, brown bark, spreadin 
oe ate pitti somewhat persistent bud-scales, slender, flat, linear, obtuse or acutish lea 
ate-oblong, usually 2-3 inches long, brown, well marked by the protruding, shale tag bracts ; 
inches long ; cones 
ves, 3-1}, nde 14 
ale orbicular, concave ; oval wings about as long as the somewhat triangular, pale seeds; cotyl 
Common through Arizona, as it is through all the western mountain regions, down into in — Faia stomatose 
and whitish only on the lower surface, with 2 resin-ducts close to the epidermis of the under side. 
Pinus * FLEXILIS, James; Parlat. in DC. Prod. 16, 2, 403. — A middle-sized tree, with a smoothish, or, in old trees, 
lightly furrowed, pale or ash-gray bark ; leaves in fives, mostly entire and smooth-edged, 1}-2 inches long, in a loose, 
outer and laps over the inner surface. — Stately trees of rapid 
growth, but with brittle and — —— g woo 
2 Picka, Link, not boogie bies, ; Abies, s rs (Spru- 
sect. — ct Parla. — Conif- 
ut 
rly a dentionlate crest ; 
9-0 
eed ; pollen in Abies, in longe 
iameter ; cones poeta from the ends of short or elon- 
; scale: d small 
e wing, which leaves their under 
membrana 
side nearly free and a them to out. — Trees of 
wee growth hen the tig with white, soft, but tongh, hiss; 
and highly esteemed tim 
8 PsEUDOTSUGA, pes Conif. ed. 2, 256, Abies sect. 
Tsuga (in a Endl. — Coniferous trees, with flattened, 
entire, somewhat 2-ranked, vaste petioled leaves, leaving 
on the Seaiehis scarcely prominent, transversely oval scars; 
flowering from ae axils of the Teas of the — year ; 
staminate flowers resembling an oval or 
anthers with a seceatit spictikes point ; cells opening longi- 
tudinally ; pollen oval-subglobuse ; sessile cones subpendu- 
ous, maturi 
of all the allied genera, and of most coniferous woods, rd the 
abundance of spiral vessels, otherwise so rare in this family. 
make a ce a of this genus from Abies as well as 
Tsuge 1 
cies ae of the genus Pinus may be added: 
Staminate flowers surrounded by an involucrum, of a some- 
