348 CONIFERA OF WHEELER’S EXPEDITION. 
deciduous sheath, about 4 inch in length ; involucre of the oval staminate flowers composed of 8-9 oval, obtuse scales ; 
anthers with a short lacerate or toothed crest ; cones sub-terminal,® spreading, or slightly reflexed cahenslindsle 
cal, 3-44 inches long, squarrose by the more or less protruding thin-edged scales, the free part of which is [258] 
rounded or more or less triangular, rarely reflexed ; seeds 5 or 6 lines long, somewhat angled, with a narrow 
deciduous wing-rim ; cotyledons 6-7. z 
ar. a, SERRULATA. — Leaves slender, slightly and aes 2 — and as in the two following varieties, with 
few or scarcely any stomata on the back ; cones of the ordinary fo 
. MACROCARPA. — Leaves slender, entire; cones ode 6-8 inches long, 24 inches in diameter, the 
apophysis of the scales short, rounded. 
Var. y. REFLEXA. — Leaves as in last ; cones ovate-cylindrical, about 4 inches long; apophysis elongated, 
reflexed. 
middle-sized tree, rarely more than 50 feet ae on the higher mountains of Colorado, New Mexico, and Ari- 
zona, extending to Southern California. Var. a. was found by Dr.,Rothrock on Mount Graham (783) ; var. y. by the 
same, on Santa Rita Mountain (east of Tucson), ants in the Sanoita Valley ( and 1001). The cone of 1001 resembles 
that of the Asiatic P. Koraiensis, or of a ea P. Ayacahuite from Mexico. Var. 8. was collected on the San Francisco 
Mountains by Mr. Ferdinand Bischoff in 1871.— The species is intermediate between the true Strobi and Cembra; of 
the former it has the peripheral resin-ducts, u sually 2, on the dorsal side ; nee the latter it has the large, almost 
wingless seeds in common ; from both it is distinguished by the back of the leaf being marked by a single, or a few 
series of stomata. It thie becomes the ee of a third section of the Strobus-like Pines, which may be arranged as 
a _— 
. Cembre, with large, almost wingless seeds ; — face of leaves without stomata ; resin-ducts of the serrulate 
leaves pireoriieg in the irae P. Cembra of Europe and Asia with appressed, and P. Koraiensis of Northeastern 
ia with squarrose cone-scales Flexiles, with similar seeds, but entire or nearly entire leaves, with a few series 
of stomata on back, with renee ducts; P. flexilis, P. albicaulis, and the Asiatic P. pygmea. This last i is thus en- 
tirely distinct from P. Cembra, as a variety of which it has long been considered by Parlatore and other botan 
while P. RRR at least what I have seen under that name, is a true Cembra, not to be thrown ‘ae [259] 
with P. pygmea, as has been done, and distinguished from Cembra itself by the denticulate Strobus-like leaf-tips. 
3. Eustrobi, with distinctly winged seeds, leaves sharply serrulate on the edges, and generally denticulate all over the 
tip, mostly without stomata on the back, and with peripheral ducts, like the last. Of this subsection we have P. Séro- 
bus, monticola, and Lambertiana ; Mexico has P. Ayacahuite ; Japan, P. parviflora; the East Indies and Turkey, P. 
excelsa with P. Peuce. 
PINUS MONOPHYLLOS, Torr. & Frem. Report Expl. Exped. 1842-1844, p. 319, t. 4; Parlat. l. c. 378.—A 
small tree, of scraggy growth, with gray bark and stout, mostly single,® terete leaves fal ee in pairs, and then semi- 
cylindrical and entire on the margins), 14-2 inches long, 3-1 line thick or wide, with a deciduous sheath ; involucre of 
the staminate flowers of about 6 scales; anthers with a short, entire, or denticulate knob ; cones wiblewttell. ovate-sub- 
what definite number of scales 7 or 08 the lowest, lat- in the following season, the axis elongates, while the ament 
pair of which are strongly keel n-grains lobed, matures to a cone, this latter naturally becomes quite lateral, 
similar to that of Abies and Picea, but oe half as large, but we continue to designate it as sub-terminal, in relation to 
0.04-0.06™" wide. The bracts of the cones, which, in the its own, co-etaneous, part of the axis. 
allied remain membranaceous, become here much 6 The fresh leaves of pines, when single, are terete, and 
thickened and corky, and, together with the scale below when dry, become grooved and ridged ; the leaves which grow 
them, form a sort of cell for the reception of the seeds. The in pairs are semiterete, flat on the upper or inner, and convex 
base of the wing only partially covers the upper side of the on the lower or outer side, and only when (on the tree as well 
seed, and usually forms a mere rim around the , whic still more in the herbarium) they become dry, they assume 
easily separates from it; in a few species, the wing is firmly thet channelled form which we find so often described as char- 
attached to the seed, and in a few others it is reduced to a acteristic of a species ; those leaves that grow in bundles of 3 
narrow margin ; the seed never shows balsam-vesicles. or 5 are convex on the dorsal and ridged on the upper side ; 
5 The fertile aments of Pinus, and aes the those with 3 are flattish, about half as thick as wide ; those 
cones, are usually called terminal, but they never are that, with 5 are triangular and nearly as thick as wide. It is there- 
but always /atera/, and either appear between the upperm: fore superfinous to minutely describe the form of the leaves, as 
leaves and the 1 bud, when they may be called sub- that is already given when the number within the sheath is 
inal (P. ‘ , or the axis con- stated, nor is it proper to describe the dried and shrivelled 
tinues to elongate after the formation of the aments, when condition. The serratures, their closeness, the size of the 
hi . consequently the cones become Jateral, the axis minute teeth or their absence (only in a few Western Ameri- 
bearing leaves and sometimes other aments above them (P. ean species the edges of the leaves are without teeth) are of 
Teda, and especially inops, and in Europe, P. Halepensis). much greater ri naa and to some extent the nature of 
In some species both forms occur, or only a few leaf-bundles | the tip is also of value 
intervene | ‘ i the : ts and the t : in : a Pee. When, 
